Xenopeltis hainanensis

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Subordo: Serpentes
Superfamilia: Booidea

Familia: Xenopeltidae
Genus: Xenopeltis
Species: Xenopeltis hainanensis
Name

Xenopeltis hainanensis Hu & Zhao, in Zhao, 1972: 36

Holotype: CIB 008073 (64-III-6016), ♂.

Type locality: “Dali of Diaulo Shan, Hainan, altitude 200 m,” China.
Synonyms

Xenopeltis hainanensis jidamingae Zhao, 1995: 108 [synonymized by Kizirian, Truong, Eriksson & Vora (2003: 440)]

Holotype: ZM 73002, adult ♂.

Type locality: “Puyun Xiang, Longquan Co., Zhejiang Prov., China; altitude about 700 meters”.
References
Primary references

Zhao, E.-m 1972. [Key to Chinese snakes] (in chinese). Materials for Herpetological Research 1(1): 1–60.
Zhao, E.-m 1995. 我国几种蛇的种下分类 [Infraspecific classification of some Chinese snakes] (in chinese). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 14(3): 107–112.
Kizirian, D., Nguyen, T.Q., Eriksson, A. & Vora, N. 2003. Taxonomic status of Xenopeltis hainanensis jidamingae Zhao. Journal of Herpetology 37(2): 438–440. DOI: 10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0438:TSOXHJ]2.0.CO;2 JSTOR Reference page.

Links=

Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2021. Xenopeltis hainanensis. The Reptile Database. Accessed on 27 June 2018.
Lau, M. & Zhou, Z. 2012. IUCN: Xenopeltis hainanensis (Least Concern). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T192133A2044925. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192133A2044925.en

Vernacular names
English: Hainan Sunbeam Snake

Xenopeltis hainanensis is a non-venomous sunbeam snake species found in China and Vietnam. This is a primitive snake known for its highly iridescent scales. No subspecies are currently recognized.[2]

Description

This snake grows to an average of about .5 to 1 m. A fossorial species, the head is wedge-shaped and narrow with little neck delineation, which makes it easy to push through the soil. Its most defining characteristic is its iridescent, highly polished scales that give this snake its common name (sunbeam snake). The dorsal scales a layer of dark (indigo-brown) pigmentation just below the surface on each scale that enhances the iridescence. The ventral scales are greyish-white.

This species differs from its sister taxon Xenopeltis unicolor in several ways. It has a singular postocular scale rather than two, fewer ventral, supralabial, and infralabial scales, a shorter tail, and fewer maxillary teeth.[3]

The holotype of the species is Chengdu Institute of Biology specimen CIB 64III6016, a male collected in 1964. The paratype, CIB 64III6650, is a female collected the same year.

Both species together form the family Xenopeltidae, a primitive group of snakes with both boid and python characteristics.
Geographic range

Xenopeltis hainanensis is found in "isolated pockets"[4] of southeastern China (from Guangxi east to Zhejiang and south to Hainan) and northern Vietnam.[5] The type locality given is Dali village, Diaoluo Shan (Mount Diaoluo) on Hainan island, China.[6]
Habitat

This snake tends to live on forest slopes, at heights between 900 and 1100 metres above sea level.
Behavior

These snakes are not venomous, but are constrictors, killing their prey by suffocation in their muscular coils. They are fossorial and spend most of their time below ground.
Feeding

The diet is varied, consisting primarily of frogs, reptiles, including other snakes, and small mammals. The young look very similar to the adults, except that they have a strong white "collar" of scales evident just below the head. This coloration fades within the first year.
Reproduction

This species of snake is Oviparous, with females laying up to 10 eggs at a time.
References

Lau, M.; Zhou, Z. (2012). "Xenopeltis hainanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T192133A2044925. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192133A2044925.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Xenopeltis hainanensis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
Hu, S; Djao [Zhao], E; Huang, Z (1975). Translated by A Koshikawa. "Three new species of reptiles from Hainan Island, Guangdong Province". Acta Zoologica Sinica, Peking. 21 (4): 379–384.
"Encyclopædia Britannica entry on sunbeam snakes". 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
Nikolai L. Orlov; Robert W. Murphy & Theodore J. Papenfuss (2000). "List of Snakes of Tam-Dao Mountain Ridge (Tonkin, Vietnam)" (PDF). Russian Journal of Herpetology. 7 (1): 69–80.
"Reptile Database entry on Xenopeltis hainanensis". Retrieved 24 November 2013.