Tropidurus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Cladus: Unidentata Episquamata Toxicofera
Subordo: Iguania
Infraordo: Pleurodonta

Familia: Tropiduridae
Genus: Tropidurus
Species (29): T. bogerti – T. callathelys – T. catalanensis – T. chromatops – T. cocorobensis – T. erythrocephalus – T. etheridgei – T. guarani – T. helenae – T. hispidus – T. hygomi – T. imbituba – T. insulanus – T. itambere – T. jaguaribanus – T. lagunablanca – T. melanopleurus – T. montanus – T. mucujensis – T. oreadicus – T. pinima – T. psammonastes – T. semitaeniatus – T. sertanejo – T. spinulosus – T. tarara – T. teyumirim – T. torquatus – T. xanthochilus

Name

Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825: 137

Type species: Stellio torquatus Wied-Neuwied, 1820, by subsequent designation of Fitzinger (1843: 17)

Synonyms

Platynotus Wagler, 1830: 146 [junior homonym of Platynotus Fabricius, 1801 (Coleoptera)]
Type species: Agama semitaeniata Spix, 1825, by monotypy.
Taraguira Gray, 1845: 219 [synonymised by Boulenger (1885: 171)]
Type species: none designated.
Tapinurus Amaral, 1932: 65 [synonymised by Frost (1992: 49)]
Type species: Tapinurus scutipunctatus Amaral, 1932, by original designation.

References
Primary references

Wied-Neuwied, M. 1825. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien. vol. 1. Gr. H.S. priv. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs: Weimar. pp. 614 + 5 plates. Archive
Wagler, J. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugthiere und Vogel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. München, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J. G. Cotta. BHL
Gray, J.E. 1845. Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum. BHL
Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 2. Iguanidae, Xenosauriae, Zonuridae, Anguidae, Annellidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidae, Teiidae. London: Printed by Order of the Trustees. BHL
Amaral, A. 1932. Novos generos e especies de largartos do Brasil. Memórias do Instituto de Butantan. São Paulo 7: 51–74. Full article (PDF)
Frost, D.R. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates 3033: 1–68. Full article

Additional references

Cacciali, P. & Köhler, G. 2018. Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay—an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence. Zootaxa 4375(4): 511–536. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.3 Reference page.
Rodrigues, M.T. 1984. Sobre Platynotus Wagler, 1830, pré-ocupado substituído por Tapinurus Amaral, 1933, com a descrição de uma nova espécie (Sauria, Iguanidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 35(29): 367–373.
Frost, D.R., Rodrigues, M.T., Grant, T. & Titus, T.A. 2001. Phylogenetics of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): Direct Optimization, Descriptive Efficiency, and Sensitivity Analysis of Congruence Between Molecular Data and Morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21(3): 352–371. DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2001.1015 Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Carvalho, A.L.G. 2013. On the distribution and conservation of the South American lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Zootaxa 3640(1): 42–56. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.1.3 Reference page.
Carvalho, A.L.G., Britto, M.R. & Fernandes, D.S. 2013. Biogeography of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae): Distribution, Endemism, and Area Relationships in South America. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59736. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059736 Open access Reference page.
Kunz, T.S. & Borges-Martins, M. 2013. A new microendemic species of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from southern Brazil and revalidation of Tropidurus catalanensis Gudynas & Skuk, 1983. Zootaxa 3681(4): 413–439. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3681.4.6 Reference page.

Tropidurus is a genus of reptiles. The genus includes many species of Neotropical ground lizards (family Tropiduridae). Tropidurus is the type genus of the family Tropiduridae.

Geographic range and habitat

Species in the genus Tropidurus are found on the South American mainland, especially in the Amazon Rainforest, but also in more arid regions.
Common name

No widely common name is used solely for species of the genus Tropidurus. In their native range, they are simply called "iguanas" as are most similar animals. If anything, the Brazilian term calango is used to particularly refer to lizards of the genus Tropidurus.
Taxonomy

The genus Tropidurus contains 30 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. An additional seven species—the Galápagos lava lizards endemic to the Galápagos Islands—are sometimes placed here, too, but more commonly separated in the genus Microlophus, instead. Similarly, the green thornytail iguana and tropical thorny iguana are now often separated into the minor, but probably distinct Uracentron lineage, instead. In this article, these two genera are kept separate, while Platynotus, Strobilurus, and Tapinurus are included in Tropidurus.
Description

Males and females of all Tropidurus species are marked differently. The male is usually much larger than the female, and his body is more brightly coloured and distinctly patterned. The typical size of Tropidurus lizards varies greatly from habitat to habitat as does the pattern of body markings, even among individuals of the same species. Like many lizards, they show changes of colour with mood and temperature.
Species
T. catalanensis, Iguazu Falls

These species are recognized as being valid:[2]

Tropidurus azurduyae A.L.G. Carvalho, Rivas, Céspedes & Rodrigues, 2018
Tropidurus bogerti Roze, 1958
Tropidurus callathelys M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998
Tropidurus catalanensis Gudynas & Skuk, 1983
Tropidurus chromatops M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998
Tropidurus cocorobensis Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus divaricatus Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus erythrocephalus Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus etheridgei Cei, 1982
Tropidurus guarani Álvarez, Cei & Scolaro, 1994
Tropidurus helenae (Manzani & Abe, 1990)
Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825)
Tropidurus hygomi J.T. Reinhardt & Lütken, 1861
Tropidurus imbituba Kunz & Borges-Martins, 2013[3]
Tropidurus insulanus Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus itambere Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus jaguaribanus Passos, Lima & Borges-Nojosa, 2011[4]
Tropidurus lagunablanca A.L.G. Carvalho, 2016[5]
Tropidurus melanopleurus Boulenger, 1902
Tropidurus montanus Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus mucujensis Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus nanuzae Rodrigues, 1981
Tropidurus oreadicus Rodrigues, 1987
Tropidurus pinima (Rodrigues, 1984)
Tropidurus psammonastes Rodrigues, Kasahara & Yonenaga-Yasuda, 1988
Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Spix, 1825)
Tropidurus sertanejo A.L.G. Carvalho, et al., 2016[6]
Tropidurus spinulosus (Cope, 1862)
Tropidurus torquatus (Wied-Neuwied), 1820
Tropidurus xanthochilus M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Tropidurus.
References

Tropidurus Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Tropidurus The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
"Tropidurus imbituba".
Passos DC, Lima DC, Borges-Nojosa DM (2011). "A new species of Tropidurus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) of the semiaeniatus group from a semiarid area in Northeastern Brazil". Zootaxa 2930: 60-68.
Carvalho ALG (2016). "Three new species of the Tropidurus spinulosus group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Eastern Paraguay". American Museum Novitates (3853): 1-44.

Carvalho ALG et al. (2016). "A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards". American Museum Novitates (3852): 1-66.