Sphenomorphus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Subordo: Scincomorpha
Superfamilia: Scincoidea

Familia: Scincidae
Subfamilia: Sphenomorphinae
Genus: Sphenomorphus
Species (112): S. acutus – S. aignanus – S. alfredi – S. annamiticus – S. annectens – S. anomalopus – S. anotus – S. apalpebratus – S. bacboensis – S. bignelli – S. brunneus – S. buencolis – S. buettikoferi – S. cameronicus – S. capitolythos – S. celebensis – S. cinereus – S. concinnatus – S. consobrinus – S. cophias – S. courcyanum – S. cranei – S. crassus – S. cryptotis – S. cyanolaemus – S. darlingtoni – S. dekkerae – S. derroyae – S. diwata – S. dussumieri – S. fasciatus – S. forbesi – S. fragilis – S. fragosus – S. fuscolineatus – S. grandisonae – S. granulatus – S. haasi – S. helenae – S. incognitus – S. indicus – S. jobiensis – S. kinabaluensis – S. latifasciatus – S. leptofasciatus – S. lineopunctulatus – S. longicaudatus – S. loriae – S. louisiadensis – S. maculatus – S. maculicollus – S. maindroni – S. malaisei – S. malayanus – S. megalops – S. melanopogon – S. meyeri – S. microtympanus – S. mimicus – S. mimikanus – S. minutus – S. modiglianii – S. muelleri – S. multisquamatus – S. murudensis – S. necopinatus – S. neuhaussi – S. nigriventris – S. nigrolabris – S. nigrolineatus – S. oligolepis – S. orientalis – S. papuae – S. praesignis – S. pratti – S. puncticentralis – S. rarus – S. rufus – S. sabanus – S. sananus – S. sanctus – S. sarasinorum – S. schlegeli – S. schultzei – S. scotophilus – S. scutatus – S. senja – S. sheai – S. shelfordi – S. simus – S. solomonis – S. stellatus – S. striolatus – S. sungaicolus – S. taiwanensis – S. tanahtinggi – S. tanneri – S. taylori – S. tenuiculus – S. tersus – S. tetradactylus – S. tonkinensis – S. transversus – S. tridigitus – S. tritaeniatus – S. tropidonotus – S. undulatus – S. vanheurni – S. variegatus – S. wollastoni – S. woodfordi – S. zimmeri
Name

Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843

Type species: Gongylus melanopogon Duméril & Bibron, 1839, by original designation.
References
Primary references

Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel: Wien. vi + 106 pp. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Inger, R.F. 1958. Three new skinks related to Sphenomorphus variegatus (Peters). Fieldiana: Zoology 39: 257–268.
Grismer, L.L., Ahmad, N. & Onn, C.K. 2009. A new, diminutive, upland Sphenomorphus Fitzinger 1843 (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Belum-Temengor Forest Complex, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2312: 27–38. Abstract & excerpt
Linkem, C.W., Diesmos, A.C. & Brown, R.M. 2011. Molecular systematics of the Philippine forest skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Sphenomorphus): testing morphological hypotheses of interspecific relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163(4): 1217–1243. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00747.x Reference page.
Shea, G.M. 2012: On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus. Zootaxa 3490: 1–29. Preview PDF Reference page.
Datta-Roy, A. et al. 2013: Lizard wears shades. A spectacled Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae), from the Sacred Forests of Mawphlang, Meghalaya, North-east India. Zootaxa 3701(2): 257–276. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.7 Reference page.
Grismer, L.L. & Quah, E.S.H. 2015. The Rediscovery of Sphenomorphus malayanus Doria, 1888 (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range of Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as S. senja sp. nov. Zootaxa 3931(1): 63–70. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.4. Reference page.
Sumarli, A., Grismer, L.L., Wood, P.L., Jr., Ahmad, A.B., Rizal, S.A., Ismail, L.H.B., Izam, N.A.M., Ahmad, N. & Linkem, C.W. 2016. The first riparian skink (Genus: Sphenomorphus Strauch, 1887) from Peninsular Malaysia and its relationship to other Indochinese and Sundaic species. Zootaxa 4173(1): 21–44. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4173.1.3. Reference page.

The genus Sphenomorphus – vernacularly known as the common skinks – currently serves as a "wastebin taxon" for numerous skinks. While most or all species presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as presently delimited is likely to be not monophyletic and is in need of review.[1] Some species in this genus have been moved to Pinoyscincus.

The namesake of the Sphenomorphus group of Lygosominae genera, most species would probably occupy a rather basal position therein.[2]

Species

Sphenomorphus acutus (W. Peters, 1864) – pointed-headed sphenomorphus
Sphenomorphus aignanus (Boulenger, 1898)
Sphenomorphus alfredi (Boulenger, 1898)
Sphenomorphus annamiticus (Boettger, 1901) – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink
Sphenomorphus annectens (Boulenger, 1897)
Sphenomorphus anomalopus (Boulenger, 1890) – long-toed forest skink
Sphenomorphus anotus Greer, 1973
Sphenomorphus apalpebratus Datta-Roy, Das, Bauer, Lyngdoh-Tron & Karanth, 2013
Sphenomorphus bacboensis (Eremchenko, 2003)
Sphenomorphus bignelli Schmidt, 1932
Sphenomorphus brunneus Greer & F. Parker, 1974
Sphenomorphus buenloicus Darevsky & V.S. Nguyen, 1983
Sphenomorphus buettikoferi (Lidth de Jeude, 1905)
Sphenomorphus cameronicus Smith, 1924 – Cameron Highlands forest skink
Sphenomorphus capitolythos Shea & Michels, 2008
Sphenomorphus celebensis (F. Müller, 1894)
Sphenomorphus cinereus Greer & F. Parker, 1974
Sphenomorphus concinnatus (Boulenger, 1887) – elegant forest skink
Sphenomorphus consobrinus (W. Peters & Doria, 1878)
Sphenomorphus cophias Boulenger, 1908 – Tahan Mountain forest skink
Sphenomorphus courcyanus (Annandale, 1912)
Sphenomorphus cranei Schmidt, 1932 – Crane’s skink
Sphenomorphus crassus Inger, Lian, Lakim & Yambun, 2001
Sphenomorphus cryptotis Darevsky, Orlov & Cuc, 2004
Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus Inger & Hosmer, 1965 – blue-headed forest skink
Sphenomorphus darlingtoni (Loveridge, 1945)
Sphenomorphus dekkerae Shea, 2017
Sphenomorphus derooyae (De Jong, 1927)
Sphenomorphus diwata W. Brown & Rabor, 1967 – diwata sphenomorphus
Sphenomorphus dussumieri (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839) – Dussumier's forest skink
Sphenomorphus fasciatus (Gray, 1845) – banded sphenomorphus
Sphenomorphus forbesi (Boulenger, 1888) – slender litter skink
Sphenomorphus fragilis (Macleay, 1877)
Sphenomorphus fragosus Greer & F. Parker, 1967
Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus Greer & Shea, 2004
Sphenomorphus grandisonae Taylor, 1962 – Grandison’s forest skink
Sphenomorphus granulatus (Boulenger, 1903)
Sphenomorphus haasi Inger & Hosmer, 1965
Sphenomorphus helenae Cochran, 1927 – Notaburi forest skink
Sphenomorphus incognitus (Thompson, 1912)
Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray, 1853) – Indian forest skink
Sphenomorphus jobiensis (A. Meyer, 1874)
Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis (Bartlett, 1895)
Sphenomorphus latifasciatus (A. Meyer, 1874)
Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus Greer & F. Parker, 1974
Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus Taylor, 1962 – line-spotted forest skink
Sphenomorphus longicaudatus (de Rooij, 1915)
Sphenomorphus loriae (Boulenger, 1897)
Sphenomorphus louisiadensis (Boulenger, 1903)
Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853) – spotted forest skink, maculated forest skink, stream-side skink
Sphenomorphus maculicollus Bacon, 1967
Sphenomorphus maindroni (Sauvage, 1879)
Sphenomorphus malaisei (Rendahl, 1937)
Sphenomorphus malayanus (Doria, 1888) – Malayan forest skink
Sphenomorphus melanopogon (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839)
Sphenomorphus meyeri (Doria, 1874)
Sphenomorphus microtympanum Greer, 1973
Sphenomorphus mimicus Taylor, 1962 – dwarf forest skink
Sphenomorphus mimikanus (Boulenger, 1914)
Sphenomorphus minutus (Meyer, 1874)
Sphenomorphus modiglianii (Boulenger, 1894)
Sphenomorphus muelleri (Schlegel, 1837) – [3][4]
Sphenomorphus multisquamatus Inger, 1958
Sphenomorphus murudensis M.A. Smith, 1925
Sphenomorphus necopinatus (Brongersma, 1942)
Sphenomorphus neuhaussi T. Vogt, 1911
Sphenomorphus nigriventris (De Rooij, 1915)
Sphenomorphus nigrolabris (Günther, 1873)
Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus (Boulenger, 1897)
Sphenomorphus oligolepis (Boulenger, 1914)
Sphenomorphus orientalis (Shreve, 1940)
Sphenomorphus papuae (Kinghorn, 1928)
Sphenomorphus phuquocensis Grismer, Nazarov, Bobrov, & Poyarkov, 2020 – Phu Quoc Island forest skink
Sphenomorphus praesignis (Boulenger, 1900) – blotched forest skink
Sphenomorphus pratti (Boulenger, 1903)
Sphenomorphus preylangensis Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Poyarkov, Thy, Orlov, Thammachoti, & Seiha, 2019 – Prey Lang forest skink
Sphenomorphus puncticentralis Iskandar, 1994
Sphenomorphus rarus C. Myers & Donnelly, 1991
Sphenomorphus rufus (Boulenger, 1887)
Sphenomorphus sabanus Inger, 1958 – Sabah slender skink
Sphenomorphus sanana (Kopstein, 1926)
Sphenomorphus sanctus (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839) – Java forest skink
Sphenomorphus sarasinorum (Boulenger, 1897)
Sphenomorphus schlegeli Dunn, 1927
Sphenomorphus schultzei (T. Vogt, 1911)
Sphenomorphus scotophilus (Boulenger, 1900) – Selangor forest skink
Sphenomorphus scutatus (W. Peters, 1867) – Palau ground skink
Sphenomorphus senja Grismer & Quah, 2015
Sphenomorphus sheai T. Nguyen, K. Nguyen, Van Devender, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2013 – Shea's forest skink
Sphenomorphus shelfordi (Boulenger, 1900)
Sphenomorphus simus (Sauvage, 1879) – common forest skink
Sphenomorphus solomonis (Boulenger, 1887)
Sphenomorphus stellatus (Boulenger, 1900) – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink
Sphenomorphus striolatus (Weber, 1890)
Sphenomorphus sungaicolus Sumarli, Grismer, Wood, A. Ahmad, Rizal, Ismail, Izam, N. Ahmad & Linkem, 2016
Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue, 1987
Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi Inger, Lian, Lakim & Yambun, 2001
Sphenomorphus tanneri Greer & F. Parker, 1967 – Tanner’s skink
Sphenomorphus taylori Burt, 1930 – Taylor’s Solomon skink
Sphenomorphus tenuiculus (Mocquard, 1890)
Sphenomorphus tersus (M.A. Smith, 1916) – Nakhon Si-Thammarat forest skink, Thai forest skink
Sphenomorphus tetradactylus (Darevsky & Orlov, 2005)
Sphenomorphus tonkinensis Q. Nguyen, Schmitz, T. Nguyen, Orlov, Böhme & Ziegler, 2011 – Tonkin forest skink
Sphenomorphus transversus Greer & F. Parker, 1971
Sphenomorphus tridigitus (Bourret, 1939)
Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus (Bourret, 1937)
Sphenomorphus tropidonotus (Boulenger, 1897)
Sphenomorphus undulatus (W. Peters & Doria, 1878) – wavy-backed forest skink
Sphenomorphus vanheurni (Brongersma, 1942)
Sphenomorphus variegatus (W. Peters, 1867)
Sphenomorphus wau Shea & Allison, 2021
Sphenomorphus wollastoni (Boulenger, 1914)
Sphenomorphus woodfordi (Boulenger, 1887)
Sphenomorphus yersini S. Nguyen, L. Nguyen, V.D.H. Nguyen, Orlov & Murphy, 2018 – Yersin’s forest skink
Sphenomorphus zimmeri (Ahl, 1933)

"Hinulia" elegans, described by Gray in 1838, is unidentified, but may be Eulamprus tenuis,[5] which is also known as Concinnia tenuis (Gray, 1831).
Range

They are found mainly in Southeast asia but has also been found in India and upwards to China.
References

Greer et al. (2006).
Austin & Arnold (2006).
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Sphenomorphus muelleri, p. 184).
Species Sphenomorphus muelleri at The Reptile Database . www.reptile-database.org.

Shea & Michels (2008).

External links

Austin JJ, Arnold EN (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2): 503–511. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.011 (HTML abstract)
Greer, Allen E.; David, Patrick; Teynié, Alexandre (2006). "The Southeast Asian scincid lizard Siaphos tridigitus Bourret, 1939 (Reptilia, Scincidae): a second specimen". Zoosystema 28 (3): 785-790. PDF fulltext
Shea GM, Michels JP (2008). "A replacement name for Sphenomorphus keiensis (Kopstein, 1926) from the southeastern Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) with a redescription of the species". Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 82 (52): 737-747. PDF