Podocnemis

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Cladus: Archelosauria
Division: Pan-Testudines
Division: Testudinata
Ordo: Testudines
Infraordo: Pan-Pleurodira
Subordo: Pleurodira
Superfamilia: Pelomedusoidea

Familia: Podocnemididae
Genus: Podocnemis
Species: P. erythrocephala – P. expansa – P. lewyana – P. sextuberculata – P. unifilis – P. vogli
Name

Podocnemis Wagler, 1830
Type Species: P. expansa

Synonyms

Chelonemys Gray, 1864 [preoccupied by Chelonemys Jourdan, 1862]
Bartlettia Gray, 1870 [preoccupied by Bartlettia Adams, 1866]

References

Wagler, J.G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugthiere und Vögel. München: J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, 354 pp.
Gray, J.E. 1864. On the genera of Chelydidae and the characters furnished by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864: 128–135.
Gray. J.E. 1870. Notes on Bartlettia, a new species of freshwater tortoises belonging to the family Peltocephalidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870: 718–721.

Vernacular names
English: Amazon Side-necked Turtles
日本語: ナンベイヨコクビガメ属

Podocnemis is a genus of aquatic turtles, commonly known as South American river turtles, in the family Podocnemididae. The genus consists of six extant species occurring in tropical South America.[1] Three additional species are known only from fossils.

Species

These six species are extant.[1]

Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824) – red-headed Amazon River turtle
Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) – Arrau turtle
Podocnemis lewyana A.H.A. Duméril, 1852 – Magdalena River turtle
Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849 – six-tubercled Amazon River turtle
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 – yellow-spotted river turtle
Podocnemis vogli L. Müller, 1935 – savanna side-necked turtle

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Podocnemis.
Fossil species

The following three species are extinct, all from late Neogene deposits in South America:

Podocnemis bassleri †
Podocnemis medemi †[2]
Podocnemis pritchardi †[2]

Cast of the skull of the extinct species P. bassleri (AMNH 1662)

The Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) species "Podocnemis" parva Haas, 1978, based on remains from the West Bank, is now assigned to Algorachelus, as A. parvus.[3]
References

Podocnemis. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
Wood RC (1997). "Turtles". In: Kay RF, Madden RH, Cifelli RL, Flynn JJ (editors). Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Pérez-García, A. (2018). "New information on the Cenomanian bothremydid turtle Algorachelus based on new, well-preserved material from Spain". Fossil Record. 21 (1): 119–135. doi:10.5194/fr-21-119-2018.

Further reading

Boulenger GA (1889). Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I-III. (Genus Podocnemis, pp. 200–201, Figures 50–51).
Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Podocnemis, pp. 149, 271–272).
Wagler J (1830). Natürliches System der AMPHIBIEN, mit vorangehender Classification der SÄUGTHIERE und VÖGEL. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (Podocnemis, new genus, p. 135). (in German and Latin).