Phymaturus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Cladus: Unidentata Episquamata Toxicofera
Subordo: Iguania
Infraordo: Pleurodonta

Familia: Liolaemidae
Genus: Phymaturus
Species (46): P. aguanegra – P. aguedae – P. alicahuense – P. antofagastensis – P. bibronii – P. cacivioi – P. calcogaster – P. camilae – P. castillensis – P. ceii – P. curivilcun – P. darwini – P. delheyi – P. denotatus – P. desuetus – P. dorsimaculatus – P. etheridgei – P. extrilidus – P. felixi – P. indistinctus – P. laurenti – P. loboi – P. mallimaccii – P. manuelae – P. maulense – P. nevadoi – P. palluma – P. patagonicus – P. payuniae – P. punae – P. querque – P. rahuensis – P. roigorum – P. sinervoi – P. sitesi – P. somuncurensis – P. spurcus – P. tenebrosus – P. timi – P. tromen – P. verdugo – P. videlai – P. vociferator – P. williamsi – P. yachanana – P. zapalensis
Name

Phymaturus Gravenhorst, 1838: 749 [conserved name]

Type species: Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782, by monotypy.
Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 2118 (2005).

References
Primary references

Gravenhorst, J.L.C. 1838. Beiträge zur genauern Kenntniss einiger Eidechsengattungen. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 18: 712–784. BHL
Etheridge, R. & Savage, J.M. 2003. Phymaturus Gravenhorst, 1837 and Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782 (currently Phymaturus palluma: Repilia, Sauria): proposed conservtion of usage of the names by designation of a neotype for Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60(1): 38–41. BHL Reference page.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2005. Opinion 2118 (Case 3225): Phymaturus Gravenhorst, 1837 and Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782 (currently Phymaturus palluma; Reptilia, Sauria): usage of the names conserved by the designation of a neotype for Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 62(2): 116–117. Reference page.
Cei, J.M. & Scolaro, J.A. 2006. The neotype of the type species of the neotropical iguanian genus Phymaturus: a critical commentary on a recent opinion of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Zootaxa 1297(1): 17–22. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1297.1.2 Paywall Reference page.
Etheridge, R. & Savage, J.M. 2006. Stability restored to the name Phymaturus palluma: a response to Cei and Scolaro (2006). Herpetological Review 37(4): 406–407. PDF (385-418). Reference page.

Additional references

Cei, J.M. & Castro, L.P. 1973. Taxonomic and serological researches on the Phymaturus patagonicus complex. Journal of Herpetology 7(3): 237–247. JSTOR
Cei, J.M. & Videla, F. 2003. A new Phymaturus species from volcanic cordilleran mountains of the south-western Mendoza province, Argentina (Liolaemidae, Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino 20(2): 291–314. hdl: 10915/85385 Open access. Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A. & Cei, J.M. 2003. Una excepcional nueva especie de Phymaturus de la Precordillera de Chubut, Argentina (Liolaemidae, Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia) (In Spanish). Facena 19: 107–112. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Pincheira-Donoso, D. 2004. Una nueva especie del género Phymaturus (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Liolaemini) del Centro-Sur de Chile (In Spanish). Multequina 13: 57–70. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Lobo, F. & Quinteros, S. 2005. A morphology-based phylogeny of Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) with the description of four new species from Argentina. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 45(13): 143–177. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492005001300001 Open access Reference page.
Lobo, F. & Quinteros, S. 2005. Taxonomic studies of the genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae): Redescription of Phymaturus patagonicus Koslowsky 1898, and revalidation and redescription of Phymaturus spurcus Barbour 1921. Journal of Herpetology 39(4): 533–540. DOI: 10.1670/170-04A.1 Paywall Reference page.
Lobo, F. & Abdala, C.S. 2007. Descripción de una nueva especie de Phymaturus del grupo de P. palluma de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina (In Spanish). Cuadernos de Herpetología 21(2): 103–113. Online Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A. & Ibargüengoytía, N.R. 2007. A new species of Phymaturus from rocky outcrops in the central steppe of Rio Negro province, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae). Zootaxa 1524(1): 47–55. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1524.1.4 Paywall Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A. & Ibargüengoytía, N.R. 2008. A new fragment for the understanding of the puzzling evolutive process of the Phymaturus genus: a new species of the patagonicus group from Patagonia, Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae). Zootaxa 1939(1): 38–50. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1939.1.4 Paywall Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A. & Tappari, O.F. 2009. Una nueva especie del género Phymaturus del “grupo patagonicus” en los afloramientos rocosos del sudoeste de la provincia de Rio Negro, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae) (In Spanish). Naturalia Patagónica 4(2): 80–93. Full issue. Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A. & Pincheira-Donoso, D. 2010. Lizards at the end of the world: two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393(1): 17–32. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2393.1.2 Paywall Reference page.
Lobo, F., Abdala, C. & Valdecantos, S. 2010. Taxonomic Studies of the Genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae): Description of Four New Species. South American Journal of Herpetology 5(2): 102–127. DOI: 10.2994/057.005.0205 Paywall Reference page.
Núñez, H., Veloso, A., Espejo, P., Veloso, C., Cortés, A. & Araya, S. 2010. Nuevas especies de Phymaturus (grupo palluma) para la zona Cordillerana Central de Chile (Reptilia, Sauria, Liolaemidae) (In Spanish). Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 59: 41–74. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Ávila, L.J., Pérez, C.H.F., Pérez, D.R. & Morando, M. 2011. Two new mountain lizard species of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Iguania) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 2924(1): 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2924.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A., de la Cruz, F.M. & Ibargüengoytía, N.R. 2012. A new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) from isolated plateau of southwestern Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Zootaxa 3451(1): 17–30. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3451.1.2 Paywall Reference page.
Troncoso-Palacios, J., Ferri-Yanez, F., Laspiur, A. & César Aguilar. 2018. An updated phylogeny and morphological study of the Phymaturus vociferator clade (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Zootaxa 4441(3): 447–466. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.2 Paywall Reference page.
Troncoso-Palacios, J. & Lobo, F. 2012. A new species of Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) of the palluma group from Central Chile. Cuadernos de Herpetología 26(2): 69–78. Online. Reference page.
Lobo, F., Cruz, F.B., Abdala, C.S. 2012. Multiple lines of evidence show that Phymaturus agilis Scolaro, Ibargüengoytía & Pincheira-Donoso, 2008 is a junior synonym of Phymaturus spectabilis Lobo & Quinteros, 2005. Cuadernos de Herpetología 26(1): 21–27. Online. Reference page.
Lobo, F., Abdala, C. & Valdecantos, S. 2012. Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus). Zootaxa 3315(1): 1–41. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3315.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Lobo, F., nenda, S.J. & Slodki, D. 2012. A New Lizard of Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Argentina. Herpetologica 68(1): 121–133. DOI: 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00044.1 Paywall Reference page.
Lobo, F., Espinoza, R.E., Sanabria, E.A. & Quiroga, L.B. 2012. A New Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the Southern Extreme of the Argentine Puna. Copeia 2012(1): 12–22. DOI: 10.1643/CH-11-086 Paywall Reference page.
Lobo, F., Laspiur, A. & Acosta, J.C. 2013. Description of new andean species of the genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Northwestern Argentina. Zootaxa 3683(2): 117–132. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.2.2 Paywall Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A., Jara, M. & Pincheira-Donoso, D. 2013. The sexual signals of speciation? A new sexually dimorphic Phymaturus species of the patagonicus clade from Patagonia Argentina. Zootaxa 3722(3): 317–332. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.3.2 Paywall Reference page.
Morando, M., Ávila, L.J., Pérez, C.H.F., Hawkins, M.A. & Sites Jr., J.W. 2013. A molecular phylogeny of the lizard genus Phymaturus (Squamata, Liolaemini): implications for species diversity and historical biogeography of southern South America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66(3): 694–714. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.019 Paywall. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Troncoso-Palacios, J., Lobo, F., Etheridge, R., Acosta, J.C. & Laspiur, A. 2013. The rediscovery of Oplurus bibronii Guichenot, 1848 a valid species of the liolaemid genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Zootaxa 3652(5): 547–561. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3652.5.4 Paywall Reference page.
Ávila, L.J., Pérez, C.H.F., Minoli, I. & Morando, M. 2014. A new lizard of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Sierra Grande, northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3793(1): 99–118. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.1.4 Paywall Reference page.
Troncoso-Palacios, J. & Esquerré, D. 2014. A new species of Phymaturus of the P. mallimaccii Group from the Andes of central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Phyllomedusa 13(1): 3–15. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v13i1p3-15 Open access Reference page.
Lobo, F. & Nenda, S.J. 2015. Discovery of two new species of Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Patagonia, Argentina, and occurrence of melanism in the patagonicus group. Cuadernos de herpetología 29(1): 5–25. Abstract and full article (PDF). Reference page.
Corbalán, V., Debandi, G., Scolaro, J.A. & Ojeda, A.A. 2016. DNA Barcoding of Phymaturus Lizards Reveals Conflicts in Species Delimitation within the patagonicus Clade. Journal of Herpetology 50(4): 654–666. DOI: 10.1670/15-104 Paywall Reference page.
Marín, A.G., Pérez, C.H.F., Minoli, I., Morando, M. & Ávila, L.J. 2016. A new lizard species of the Phymaturus patagonicus group (Squamata: Liolaemini) from northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina. Zootaxa 4121(4): 412–430. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.4.3. Paywall Reference page.
Scolaro, J.A., Corbalán, V., Tappari, O.F. & Streitenberger, L.O. 2016. Lizards at the end of the world: a new melanic species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade from rocky outcrops in the northwestern steppe of Chubut province, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae). Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 65: 137–152. Full article (PDF). Reference page.

Links

Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2021. Phymaturus . The Reptile Database. Accessed on 20 November 2019.
Phymaturus – Taxon details on Interim Register of Marine and Non-marine Genera (IRMNG).
Phymaturus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
English: Rocky Lizards
español: Matuastos

Phymaturus is a genus of iguanian lizards of the family Liolaemidae, a family which was traditionally included in the Iguanidae as a subfamily, but more recently was proposed to warrant distinct family status. Phymaturus is the mid-sized genus of its family, with 48 species altogether known as of 2019;[2] new species are still being discovered however.[3]

Species of the genus Phymaturus are found in the Andes region south to Patagonia and inhabit a variety of habitats. Their habits are mostly conserved from the ancestral iguanians, in that Phymaturus are generally inhabitants of rocky ground, feed on plants, and give birth to fully developed young.[3]
Systematics

The genus can be divided into two lineages, which probably represent clades:

palluma group

Superciliar scales not imbricate, more than four subocular scales, 3-4 rows of lorilabial scales, mental scale narrower than rostral scale and usually touching the sublabial scales. Tail spines well-developed, two annuli per segment.[3]

Phymaturus aguedae Troncoso-Palacios & Esquerré, 2014
Phymaturus antofagastensis Pereyra, 1985
Phymaturus damasense Troncoso-Palacios & Lobo, 2012
Phymaturus extrilidus Lobo et al., 2012
Phymaturus loboi Troncoso-Palacios, Ferri-Yanez, Laspiur, & Aguilar, 2019
Phymaturus mallimaccii Cei [es], 1980
Phymaturus palluma (Molina, 1782) (= P. flagellifer)
Phymaturus punae Cei, Etheridge & Videla, 1983
Phymaturus roigorum Lobo & Abdala, 2007
Phymaturus timi Hibbard, Nenda, & Lobo, 2019
Phymaturus verdugo Cei & Videla, 2003
Phymaturus vociferator Pincheira-Donoso, 2004 (= P. dorsimaculatus)

patagonicus group

Superciliar scales elongate and overlapping, one usually unfragmented subocular scale, tail smooth, Meckel's groove fused and closed.[3]

Phymaturus calcogaster Scolaro & Cei, 2003
Phymaturus ceii Scolaro & Ibargüengoytía, 2007
Phymaturus delheyi Ávila et al., 2011[4]
Phymaturus indistinctus Cei & Castro, 1973
Phymaturus nevadoi Cei & Castro, 1973
Phymaturus patagonicus Koslowsky, 1898
Phymaturus payuniae Cei & Castro, 1973
Phymaturus sitesi Avila et al., 2011[4]
Phymaturus somuncurensis Cei & Castro, 1973
Phymaturus spurcus Barbour 1921
Phymaturus tenebrosus Lobo & Quinteros, 2005
Phymaturus zapalensis Cei & Castro, 1973

More species which may or may not belong to the aforementioned species groups:[2]

Phymaturus aguanegra Lobo, Laspiur & Acosta, 2013
Phymaturus alicahuense Núñez et al., 2010
Phymaturus bibronii (Guichenot, 1848)
Phymaturus cacivioi Lobo & Nenda, 2015
Phymaturus camilae Scolaro, Jara & Pincheira-Donoso, 2013
Phymaturus castillensis Scolaro & Pincheira-Donoso, 2010
Phymaturus curivilcun Scolaro et al., 2016
Phymaturus darwini Núñez et al., 2010
Phymaturus denotatus Lobo, Nenda & Slodki, 2012
Phymaturus desuetus Scolaro & Tappari, 2009
Phymaturus dorsimaculatus Lobo & Quinteros, 2005
Phymaturus etheridgei Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010
Phymaturus felix Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010
Phymaturus fiambala Lobo, Hibbard, Quipildor, & Valdecantos, 2019
Phymaturus laurenti Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010
Phymaturus manuelae Scalaro & Ibargüengoytía, 2008
Phymaturus maulense Núñez et al., 2010
Phymaturus querque Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010
Phymaturus rahuensis González-Marín et al., 2016
Phymaturus sinervoi Scolaro, De La Cruz & Ibargüengoytía, 2012
Phymaturus tromen Lobo & Nenda, 2015
Phymaturus videlai Scolaro & Pincheira-Donoso, 2010
Phymaturus williamsi Lobo, Laspiur & Acosta, 2013

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Phymaturus.
Footnotes

"Phymaturus ". Dahms Tierleben. www.dahmstierleben.de/systematik/Reptilien/Squamata/Iguania/liolaemidae.
Phymaturus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 15 September 2017.
Scolaro et al. (2008).

Avila et al. (2011).

References

Avila, Luciano Javier; Perez, Cristian Hernan Fulvio; Perez, Daniel Roberto; Morando, Mariana (2011). "Two new mountain lizard species of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Iguania) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina". Zootaxa 2924: 1-21. (in English with Spanish abstract). PDF abstract.
Gravenhorst, J.L.C. (1838). "Beiträge zur genaueren Kenntniss einiger Eidechsgattungen ". Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae 18: 712-784 + Plates LIV-LVI. (Phymaturus, new genus, pp. 749–750). (in German).
Scolaro, José Alejandro; Ibargüengoytía, Nora Ruth; Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2008). "When starvation challenges the tradition of niche conservatism: On a new species of the saxicolous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia Argentina with pseudoarboreal foraging behaviour (Iguania, Liolaemidae)". Zootaxa 1786: 48-60. (in English with Spanish abstract). PDF abstract.