Dendrelaphis bifrenalis

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Cladus: Unidentata, Episquamata
Cladus: Toxicofera
Subordo: Serpentes
Infraordo: Caenophidia
Superfamilia: Colubroidea

Familia: Colubridae
Subfamilia: Ahaetuliinae
Genus: Dendrelaphis
Species: Dendrelaphis bifrenalis
Name

Dendrelaphis bifrenalis (Boulenger, 1890)
Synonyms

Dendrophis bifrenalis Boulenger, 1890: 338
Dendrophis bifrenalis — Boulenger, 1894: 80
Dendrophis bifrenalis — Wall, 1921: 215
Dendrophis boiga bifrenalis — Meise & Hennig, 1932
Ahaetulla bifrenalis — Smith, 1943: 246
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis — Das, 1996: 55

References

Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp.
Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp.
Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis at the New Reptile Database. Accessed on 25 August 2008.

Vernacular names
English: Boulenger's Bronzeback

Dendrelaphis bifrenalis, also called Boulenger's bronzeback, Boulenger's bronze-back, and Travancore bronze-brown snake, is a colubrid snake native to Eastern Ghats of Southern India and Sri Lanka.[1][2] It was first described by George Albert Boulenger in 1890.[3] Dendrelaphis wickrorum from Sri Lanka was previously confused with this species.[4]
Habitat and ecology

This oviparous, diurnal and arboreal species can be found in trees, shrubs and bushes in wet and intermediate zones of lowlands to mid hills.[1] However, there are references of finding it from Mullaitivu, Vavuniya and Trincomalee of northern dry zone of Sri Lanka.[5]: 218  It is often encountered on low vegetation, however, and it may also descend to the ground in search of food. Arboreal and feeds on frogs, geckos, skinks and agamid lizards. Sometimes descends to the ground, and it is said that when moving on the ground it has a peculiar habit of keeping its head and 1/8 of the forebody erect.[1][6] These are very active and do not get panicked easily. Dendrelaphis is one of the quickest snakes to escape and hide, when exited they expose the skin underneath scales. Ventral keels help them to climb trees.[1]
Description

Cylindrical, narrow, slender body is present with a dorso-ventrally flattened pear-shaped head. The neck region is clear. Long and compressed snout is present. The tip of it is broad and rounded. The nostrils are present laterally and they are rounded. Round pupil is present in large eyes. Prehensile tail is 1/3 of the body of the snake. Dorsal body of the snake is copper color. Top of the labials and chin is cream or light green color. The tongue is red in color. There is a black broad bar at the sides of the head and run along the eye to the neck region. Lateral corner of the anterior body has black cross strips in a diagonal angle. Two yellow lines run on the lateral sides of the body. Sometimes these lines may be margined by black dots. Ventral body is yellowish green. These are oviparous snakes. They lay eggs in tree hollows. Five long eggs are laid by them at a time. Adult snakes grow about 700–900 mm. Mid-body consists of 15 rows of scales. Vertebrals are clear and enlarged. Dendrelaphis bifrenalis differ in having a red color tongue from other Dendrelaphis species.[3]: 338 [5]: 215 [6]
References

de Silva, A. (2010). "Dendrelaphis bifrenalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T176781A7303531. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176781A7303531.en.
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 1 September 2020.
Boulenger, G. A. (1890). "Dendrophis bifrenalis". Reptilia and Batrachia: The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 339–340.
Danushka, A. Dineth; et al. (2020). "A new species of Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890 (Reptilia: Colubridae) from the wet zone of Sri Lanka with a redescription of Dendrelaphis bifrenalis (Boulenger, 1890)" (PDF). Taprobanica. 9 (1): 83–102. doi:10.47605/tapro.v9i1.224. S2CID 229592621. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
Wall, Frank (1921). Ophidia taprobanica: or, The snakes of Ceylon. H.R. Cottle, govt. printer. ISBN 9780331877212. LCCN 22006086.
De Silva, Anslem (2009). Snakes of Sri Lanka. Vijitha Yapa Publications. ISBN 9789556650082. LCCN 9556650083.