Craspedocephalus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Subordo: Serpentes
Infraordo: Caenophidia
Superfamilia: Viperoidea

Familia: Viperidae
Subfamilia: Crotalinae
Genus: Craspedocephalus
Species (15): C. anamallensis – C. andalasensis – C. borneensis – C. brongersmai – C. gramineus – C. macrolepis – C. malabaricus – C. occidentalis – C. peltopelor – C. puniceus – C. rubeus – C. strigatus – C. travancoricus – C. trigonocephalus – C. wiroti
Name

Craspedocephalus Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822: 100

Type species: Craspedocephalus puniceus Kuhl, 1824, by subsequent designation (monotypy) by Kuhl (1824: 80).

Synonyms

Peltopelor Günther, 1864: 390
Type species: Trimeresurus macrolepis Beddome, 1862, by monotypy.

References
Primary references

Kuhl, K. & Van Hasselt, J.C. 1822. Uittreksel uit de brieven van Heeren Kuhl en van Hasselt, aan de Heeren C.J. Temminck, Th. van Swinderen en W. de Haan. Algemeene Konst- en Letterbode 7: 99–104. Reference page.
Günther, A.C.L.G. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society: London. xxvii + 452 pp. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(1): 83–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.008 Paywall Reference page.
Guo, P., Jadin, R.C., Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2010. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91(4): 402–407. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2009.00413.x Paywall Reference page.
Malhotra, A., Creer, S., Pook, C.E. & Thorpe, R.S. 2010. Inclusion of nuclear intron sequence data helps to identify the Asian sister group of New World pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54(1): 172–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.007 Paywall Reference page.
David, P., Vogel, G. & Dubois, A. 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51. Preview PDF. Reference page.
Guo, P., Liu, Q., Zhong, G.-H., Zhu, F., Yan, F., Tang, T., Xiao, R., Fang, M., Wang, P. & Fu, X. 2015. Cryptic diversity of green pitvipers in Yunnan, South-west China (Squamata, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 36(3): 265–276. DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003004 Paywall Reference page.
Boundy, J. 2021. Snakes of the World: A Supplement. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton, Florida. 273 pp. ISBN 9781138618138 ebook Paywall Reference page.
Mallik, A.K., Srikanthan, A.N., Ganesh, S.R., Vijayakumar, S.P., Campbell, P.D., Malhotra, A. & Shanker, K. 2021. Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics – A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 577–619. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e66239 Open access Reference page.

Links

Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2022. Craspedocephalus . The Reptile Database. Accessed on 4 December 2021.

Craspedocephalus is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in Asia from the Indian Subcontinent to Southeast Asia. Currently 15 species are recognized.

Description

Most species in the genus Craspedocephalus are relatively small, primarily arboreal species, with thin bodies and prehensile tails. Most Craspedocephalus species are typically green in color, but some species also have yellow, black, orange, red, or gold markings.
Feeding

The diet of Craspedocephalus species includes a variety of animals, including lizards, amphibians, birds, rodents, and other small mammals.
Species

Image	Species	Taxon author	Subsp.*	Common name[1]	Geographic range
	C. anamallensis	(Günther, 1864)	0	Malabarian pit viper	India
	C. andalasensis	David, Vogel, Vijaykumar & Vidal, 2006	0		Indonesia: Sumatra.
	C. borneensis	W. Peters, 1872	0	Borneo pit viper	Indonesia: Borneo.
	C. brongersmai	Hoge, 1969	0	Brongersma's pit viper	Indonesia: Simalur Island.
	C. gramineus type species	Shaw, 1802	0	Common bamboo viper	Southern India.
	C. macrolepis	Beddome, 1862	0	Large-scaled pit viper	The mountains of southern India.
	C. malabaricus	Jerdon, 1854	0	Malabarian pit viper	Southern and western India at 600-2,000 m elevation.
	C. occidentalis	Pope & Pope, 1933	0		India
	C. peltopelor	Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra, & Shanker, 2021.	0		India
	C. puniceus	Boie, 1827	0	Ashy pit viper, flat-nosed pit viper	Southern Thailand, West and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, the Mentawai Islands of Siberut and North Pagai, Simalur and Java.
	C. rubeus	(Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini, & Stuart, 2011)	0	Ruby-eyed green pit viper	Cambodia (Mondulkiri), southern Vietnam.
	C. strigatus	Gray, 1842	0	Horseshoe pit viper	The hills of southern India.
	C. travancoricus	Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra, & Shanker, 2021	0		India
	C. trigonocephalus	Donndorff, 1798	0	Ceylon pit viper, Sri Lankan green pit viper	Throughout Sri Lanka from low elevations to about 1,800 m.
	C. wiroti	Trutnau, 1981	0	Wirot's pit viper	Thailand, West Malaysia.

*) Not including the nominate subspecies.
References

Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S (2004). Asian Pitvipers. First Edition. Berlin: GeitjeBooks. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.