Antaresia

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Subordo: Serpentes
Infraordo: Henophidia

Familia: Pythonidae
Genus: Antaresia
Species (4): A. childreni – A. maculosa – A. papuensis – A. perthensis
Name

Antaresia Wells & Wellington, 1984: 105.

Type species: Antaresia childreni Gray, 1842

Synonymy

Antaresia Wells & Wellington, 1984: 105.
Liasis (part) Gray, 1842: 44.
Nardoa (part) Gray, 1842: 45.

References
Primary references

Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. [1983] 1984. A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology 1(3–4): 73–129. Reference page.

Additional references

Barker, D.G., Barker, T.M., Davis, M.A. & Schuett, G.W., 2015. A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: an ancient serpent lineage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (1): 1-19 DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12267Paywall Reference page.
Cogger, H.G. 2018. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Updated Seventh Edition. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia. xxxii+1060 pp. ISBN 978-1-4863-0969-6. Reference page.
Esquerré, D., Donnellan, S.C., Brennan, I.G., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M., Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F.G. & Keogh, J.S., 2020. Phylogenomics, Biogeography, and Morphometrics Reveal Rapid Phenotypic Evolution in Pythons After Crossing Wallace’s Line. Systematic Biology. 69 (6): 1039-1051 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa024Paywall Reference page.
Esquerré, D., Donnellan, S.C., Pavón-Vázquez, C.J., Fenker, J. & Keogh, J.S., 2021. Phylogeography, historical demography and systematics of the world's smallest pythons (Pythonidae, Antaresia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 161 (2021): 107181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181Paywall Reference page.
Gray, J.E. 1842. Synopsis of the species of prehensile-tailed snakes, or family Boidae. Zoological Miscellany. Treuttel, Wurtz & Co.: London. 2: 41–46. BHL Open access Reference page.
Rawlings, L.H., Rabosky, D.L., Donnellan, S.C. & Hutchinson, M.N. 2008 Python phylogenetics: inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93(3): 603-619. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x Open access Open accessReference page.
Reynolds, R.G., Niemiller, M.L. & Revell, L.J. 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 201–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011 Paywall Reference page.
Schleip, W.D. & O’Shea, M. 2010. Annotated checklist of the recent and extinct pythons (Serpentes, Pythonidae), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution. ZooKeys 66: 29–79. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.66.683 Open access Reference page.
Wilson, S.K. & Swan, G. 2021. A Complete Guide to the Reptiles of Australia. Sixth Edition. Reed New Holland, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 688 pp. ISBN 978-1-92554-671-2. Reference page.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Südpythons
English: Dwarf pythons

Antaresia is a genus of pythons, nonvenomous snakes in the family Pythonidae. The genus is native to Australasia. The genus is known by the common name Children's pythons, the name of the type species, Antaresia childreni. Gray named A. childreni in honour of his mentor, John George Children, who was a curator of the zoological collection at the British Museum around that time. It contains the smallest members of the Pythonidae.[2] Four species are recognized, although they were all considered part of the same species until recently.[3] A newly described form called the pygmy banded python may be a distinct species, but analysis has not yet been performed on this animal. The largest recorded examples of Antaresia species have all been males, suggesting males of the known species in this genus may compete for females. This behavior has never been witnessed in the wild, and has only been witnessed in captive specimens.[4]

Geographic range

Species in the genus Antaresia are found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea, in arid and tropical regions.[1]
Species

Species^[3]^[5]	Taxon author^[3]	Common name	Geographic range^[1]
A. childreni^T	(Gray, 1842)	Children's python	Australia in the extreme north of Western Australia, the northern third of Northern Territory, and northeastern Queensland, and on the islands of the Torres Strait
A. maculosa	(W. Peters, 1873)	spotted python	Australia from the extreme north of the Cape York Peninsula, south through eastern Queensland to northern New South Wales, and on many islands off the coast of Queensland
A. papuensis	Esquerré, Donnellan, Pavón-Vázquez, Fenker & Keogh, 2021	Papuan spotted python	Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
A. perthensis	(Stull, 1932)	pygmy python	Australia in the northwest of Western Australia, including some coastal islands

*) Not including the nominate subspecies.
T) Type species.[1]
Taxonomy

The generic name, Antaresia, is taken from the star Antares in the constellation Scorpius. The generic name was created in 1984 by Wells and Wellington in a revision of Children's pythons, those previously described as a single species in the genus Liasis. Despite a petition to suppress the taxonomic work of these authors, it gained wide acceptance and publication in 1991.

Four species are currently recognized in the genus Antaresia, which is contained by the family Pythonidae; infraspecific ranks have also been described.[3]

A subspecies, A. stimsoni orientalis was described by L.A. Smith (1985), but was not recognized as valid by Barker & Barker (1994).[1]

Studies published in 2020 show through DNA analysis that the Stimson's python (A. stimsoni), is synonymous with the Children's python (A. childreni), with the former being a polymorphic variant of the latter. The same study also showcases that two subspecies of the spotted python (A. maculosa maculosa and A. maculosa peninsularis) exist, and that the spotted pythons from New Guinea are their own species, now referred to as the Papuan spotted python (A. papuensis).[6]
In Captivity

The members of the genus Antaresia are often kept as pets due to their small size, docile temperaments, strong feeding responses, resiliency and easy captive care. They are often seen as a good beginner species for keeping reptiles, particularly snakes. While not as popular or diverse in colors as ball pythons, these snakes can range in color from albino and leucistic to ebony, melanistic, and piebald color morphs to name a few. The varying coloration between individuals also makes them quite attractive to many who work with and breed exotic reptiles. In captivity, the members of this genus are very tolerant of differing humidity levels ranging from 20%-80% due to the wide range of habitats they occur in, and shedding problems that occur in captive animals are usually the result of temperatures being too high or low rather than problems with humidity. Antaresia species are also fairly easy to breed, though some individuals (mostly males) may refuse to eat when they are interested in mating.[4]
References

McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Washington, District of Columbia. Herpetologists' League. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume). Antaresia: pp. 162–163.
Browne-Cooper, Robert; Bush, Brian; Maryan, Brad; Robinson, David (2007). Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush: Southwestern Australia. University of Western Australia Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-920694-74-6.
"Antaresia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
Julander, Justin; Mutton, Nick; Birch, Peter (2013). The Complete Children's Python: A Comprehensive Guide to the Natural History, Care, and Breeding of Antaresia Species. ECO Herpetological Publishing & Distribution. ISBN 978-1-938850-05-9.[page needed]
Antaresia at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 24 June 2021.

Esquerré, Damien; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Pavón-Vázquez, Carlos J.; Fenker, Jéssica; Keogh, J. Scott (August 2021). "Phylogeography, historical demography and systematics of the world's smallest pythons (Pythonidae, Antaresia)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 161: 107181. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107181. PMID 33892100. (Antaresia papuensis, new species).