Amphisbaena

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha
Superordo: Lepidosauria
Ordo: Squamata
Cladus: Unidentata Episquamata

Subordo: Lacertoidea
Infraordo: Lacertibaenia
Cladus: Amphisbaenia

Familia: Amphisbaenidae
Genus: Amphisbaena
Species (96): A. absaberi – A. acrobeles – A. alba – A. albocingulata – A. anaemariae – A. angustifrons – A. anomala – A. arda – A. arenaria – A. bahiana – A. bakeri – A. barbouri – A. bedai – A. bilabialata – A. bolivica – A. borelli – A. brasiliana – A. brevis – A. caeca – A. caetitensis – A. caiari – A. camura – A. carlgansi – A. carli – A. carvalhoi – A. caudalis – A. cayemite – A. cegei – A. crisae – A. cubana – A. cuiabana – A. cunhai – A. darwinii – A. dubia – A. fenestrata – A. filiformis – A. frontalis – A. fuliginosa – A. gonavensis – A. gracilis – A. hastata – A. heathi – A. hiata – A. hogei – A. hoogmoedi – A. hyporissor – A. ibijara – A. ignatiana – A. innocens – A. kingii – A. kiriri – A. kraoh – A. leali – A. leeseri – A. leucocephala – A. littoralis – A. lumbricalis – A. manni – A. maranhensis – A. mebengokre – A. medemi – A. mertensii – A. metallurga – A. miringoera – A. mitchelli – A. munoai – A. myersi – A. neglecta – A. nigricauda – A. occidentalis – A. pericensis – A. persephone – A. plumbea – A. polygrammica – A. pretrei – A. prunicolor – A. ridleyi – A. roberti – A. rozei – A. sanctaeritae – A. saxosa – A. schmidti – A. silvestrii – A. slateri – A. slevini – A. spurelli – A. steindachneri – A. stejnegeri – A. supernumeraria – A. talisiae – A. townsendi – A. tragorrhectes – A. uroxena – A. vanzolinii – A. vermicularis – A. xera

Name

Amphisbaena Linnaeus, 1758: 229

Type species: Amphisbaena fuliginosa Linnaeus, 1758.
Gender: feminine.

Synonyms

Leposternon Wagler, 1824
Cephalopeltis Müller, 1832
Anops Bell, 1833
Glyptoderma Fitzinger, 1843
Typhloblanus Fitzinger, 1843
Sarea Gray, 1844
Diphalus Cope, 1861: 75 [synonymized by Strauch (1881: 364)]
Type species: Diphalus fenestratus Cope, 1861, by monotypy.
Bronia Gray, 1865
Sphenocephalus Gray, 1865
Aporarchus Cope, 1885
Aulura Barbour, 1914
Anopsibaena Stejneger, 1916
Cercolophia Vanzolini, 1992

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page.
Cope, E.D. 1861. Remarks on Reptiles (Diphalus; Amphisbaena angustifrons; Loxocemus Cope). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13: 75–77. BHL Reference page.
Strauch, A. 1881. Bemerkungen über die Eidechsenfamilie der Amphisbaeniden. Mélanges biologiques tirés du Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St. Pétersbourg 11: 355–479. BHL

Additional references

Gremone, C., Cervigón, F., Gorzula, S., Medina, G. y Novoa D. 1986. Fauna de Venezuela. Editorial Biosfera, S.R.L. Caracas - Venezuela. Pp:123-124. ISBN 9-802100-11-0
La Marca, E. 1997. Lista actualizada de los reptiles de Venezuela. p.123-142. En E. La Marca (ed.) Catálogo zoológico de Venezuela. vol. 1. Vertebrados actuales y fósiles de Venezuela. Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología de Mérida, Venezuela. ISBN 9-802218-77-4
Vanzolini, P. E. 2002. An aid to the identification of the South American species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42(15):351-362 PDF
Gans, Carl. 2005. Checklist and bibliography of the Amphisbaenia of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 289: 1-289. hdl: 2246/457
Mott, T. & Vieites, D.R. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics reveals extreme morphological homoplasy in Brazilian worm lizards challenging current taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51(2): 190–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.014 Paywall Reference page.
Roberto, I.J., Brito, L.B.M. & Ávila, R.W. 2014. A new six-pored Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from the coastal zone of northeast Brazil. Zootaxa 3753(2): 167–176. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.6 Reference page.
Ribeiro, S., Gomes, J.O., Silva, H.L.R., Cintra, C.E.D. & Silva Jr., N.J. 2016. A new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a key to the two-pored species of Amphisbaena. Zootaxa 4147(2): 124–142. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.2.2. Reference page.
Almeida, J.P.F.A. de, Dal Vechio, F., Teixeira, M. Jr., Rodrigues, M.T. & Mott, T. 2016. Morphological similarities between Amphisbaena mitchelli Procter, 1923 and A. miringoera Vanzolini, 1971 (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae): phylogenetic relatedness or morphological convergence? Zootaxa 4168(3): 573–576. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.9. Reference page.
Teixeira Jr., M., Dal Vechio, F. & Rodrigues, M.T. 2016. Diagnostic clarification, new morphological data and phylogenetic placement of Amphisbaena arenaria Vanzolini, 1991 (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Zootaxa 4205(3): 293–296. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4205.3.9. Reference page.
Ribeiro, L.B., Gomides, S.C. & Costa, H.C. 2018. A New Species of Amphisbaena from Northeastern Brazil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Journal of Herpetology 52(2): 234–241. DOI: 10.1670/17-028 Reference page.
Costa, H.C., Welton, L.J. & Hallermann, J. 2018. An updated diagnosis of the rare Amphisbaena slateri Boulenger, 1907, based on additional specimens (Squamata, Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Evolutionary Systematics 2(2): 125–135. DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.2.28059 Open access Reference page.
Almeida, J.P.F.A. de, Freitas, M.A. de, Silva, M.B. da, Valverde, M.C.C., Rodrigues, M.T., Pires, A.M. & Mott, T. 2018. A new four-pored Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4514(4): 553–562. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.4.8. Reference page.
Oliveira, E.C.S., Vaz-Silva, W., Santos Jr., A.P., Graboski, R., Teixeira Jr., M., Dal Vechio, F. & Ribeiro, S. 2018. A new four-pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus, 1758 (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) from Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa 4420(4): 451–474. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.4.1. Reference page.
Ribeiro, S., Sá, V., Santos Jr., A.P., Graboski, R., Zaher, H., Guedes, A.G., Andrade, S.P. & Vaz-Silva, W. 2019. A new species of the Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado with a key for the two-pored species. Zootaxa 4550(3): 301–320. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.3.1. Reference page.

Links

Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2021. Amphisbaenia . The Reptile Database. Accessed on 23 May 2018.
Amphisbaena – Taxon details on Interim Register of Marine and Non-marine Genera (IRMNG).
Amphisbaena – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
English: Worm Lizards
español: Culebras de dos cabezas