Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentia
Subordo: Sciuromorpha
Familia: Sciuridae
Subfamilia: Sciurinae
Tribus: Sciurini
Genus: Microsciurus
Species: M. alfari - M. flaviventer - M. mimulus - M. santandernesis
Name
Microsciurus J. A. Allen, 1895
Type species: Sciurus alfari J. A. Allen, 1895
References
Primary references
Allen, J. A. 1895. Descriptions of new American Mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 7: 332.
Links
Microsciurus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Microsciurus J. A. Allen, 1895 – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Neuweltliche Zwerghörnchen
English: Dwarf Squirrels
polski: Wiewióreczka
Microsciurus[1] or dwarf squirrels is a genus of squirrels from the tropical regions of Central and South America.
Taxonomy and systematics
Recent DNA analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of the species in the genus Microsciurus,[2] and that the genus may be polyphyletic.[3] Currently, there are four species recognized:
Central American dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus alfari) Allen, 1895, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, northern Colombia
Amazon dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus flaviventer) Gray, 1867, western Amazon basin
Western dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus mimulus) Thomas, 1898, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama
Santander dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus santanderensis) Hernández-Camacho, 1957, central Colombia
A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of Sciurinae split Microsciurus into three genera, one currently unnamed. The paper included genetic sampling from all species except Santander dwarf squirrel and (Microsciurus) simonsi. It suggests several new species, not all described.[4]
Microsciurus
Central American dwarf squirrel, M. alfari
Microsciurus "species 1" from Colombia
Leptosciurus
Western dwarf squirrel, L. mimulus
Andean squirrel, L. pucheranii (moved from Sciurus)
Leptosciurus similis
Leptosciurus otinus
Leptosciurnus boquetensis
Leptosciurus isthmius
"Microsciurus"
Amazon dwarf squirrel, "M." flaviventer
"Microsciurus" sabanillae
"Microsciurus" "species 2" from Peru and Brazil (previously assigned to Syntheosciurus)
Description
With a typical head-and-body length of about 15 cm (5.9 in) and a 12 cm (4.7 in) long tail, dwarf squirrels are relatively small. However, the Neotropical pygmy squirrel, not in this genus, is much smaller than these species, as are certain squirrels in Africa and Asia. Microsciurus species have gray or brown backs, and white bellies.
Distribution and habitat
All dwarf squirrels in this genus live in tropical rain forests. Estimates of their abundance are limited.[5] The IUCN lists the conservation status as "Least Concern" for three of the species and "Data Deficient" for Microsciurus santanderensis.[6]
References
Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Genus Microsciurus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 757–758. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Amori, G.; Koprowski, J. & Roth, L. (2008). "Microsciurus santanderensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T13412A3904007. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T13412A3904007.en. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Pečnerová, P. & Martínková, N. (February 2012). "Evolutionary history of tree squirrels (Rodentia, Sciurini) based on multilocus phylogeny reconstruction". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (3): 211–219. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00528.x. S2CID 86487063.
De Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler; Pavan, Silvia E.; Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.; Wilson, Don E.; Percequillo, Alexandre R.; Maldonado, Jesús E. (2020). "Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 77. Bibcode:2020BMCEE..20...77D. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y. PMC 7320592. PMID 32590930.
Jessen, T.G.; et al. (August 2016). "Microsciurus flaviventer (Rodentia: Sciuridae)". Mammalian Species. 48 (935): 59–65. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sew006.
"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
Bibliography
Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
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