Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentia
Subordo: Hystricomorpha
Infraordo: Hystricognathi
Parvordo: Caviomorpha
Superfamilia: Octodontoidea
Familia: Ctenomyidae
Genus: Ctenomys
Species: Ctenomys australis
Name
Ctenomys australis Rusconi, 1934
Vernacular names
References
Ctenomys australis in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
The southern tuco-tuco (Ctenomys australis) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae.[2] It is endemic to Argentina.
Anatomy
The southern tuco-tuco is a large rodent, ranging in weight from 250–600 grams. Its head-body length is 15–25 cm, while its tail length is 6–11 cm.[3] At this size, it is one of the largest species within the genus Ctenomys.[4]
They are characterized by their large head, short legs, and considerable incisors.[5] Their pelage ranges in color from dark brown to black with pale-grey underparts, resembling the sandy soil of its habitat.[6] Its tail, however, has no hair.[5]
Distribution
The southern tuco-tuco lives sympatrically with the Talas tuco-tuco (C. talarum) in the coastal grassland and sand dune areas of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina along the Atlantic coast. Its region ranges from Necochea to Bahia Blanca. Though these two species live in the same region, they are microspacially segregated based on their different preferences in soil type. The southern tuco-tuco prefers softer soil with poor and low primary productivity.[3]
Habitat
The southern tuco-tuco lives in sand dunes, building large burrow systems in areas with scarce vegetation and deep soil.[7]
Behavior
Southern tuco-tucos are highly territorial and aggressive. They prefer to live solitary lives, and are suggested to be polygamous.[4]
As for dietary consideration, they are herbivorous,[8] feeding on almost all of the plant species available in the grassland area. They have been observed to prefer grasses over forbs throughout the year.[7]
Reproduction
The gestation period of the southern tuco-tuco is 100 days and can reproduce up to two times per year. On average, there are approximately 3 young born in a litter, though anywhere between 2 and 6 pups can be born.[5][1]
Predation
The Southern tuco-tuco can be preyed on by owls, though this is more likely to occur in their sympatric relative, the Talas tuco-tuco due to its difference in size.[6]
Habitat destruction
The sand dune habitats are currently being destroyed for the development of urban areas, forestry, and grassland advancement. Therefore, the survival of the species is threatened, as they depend greatly on the sand dune ecosystem.[4]
References
Bidau, C.J. (2018). "Ctenomys australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T5796A78319377. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T5796A78319377.en.
Woods, C. A. and Kilpatrick, C. W. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi", pp. 1538–1600 in: Wilson, D. E. and D. M. Reeder. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.) Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801882210
Luna, Facundo; Antinuchi, C. Daniel (2007). "Energy and Distribution in Subterranean Rodents: Sympatry between Two Species of the Genus Ctenomys". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 147 (4): 948–954. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.032. PMID 17407828.
Mora, Matías S.; Mapelli, Fernando J.; Gaggiotti, Oscar E.; Kittlein, Marcelo J.; Lessa, Enrique P. (2010). "Dispersal and Population Structure at Different Spatial Scales in the Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys australis". BMC Genetics. 11: 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-11-9. PMC 2828403. PMID 20109219.
"Southern Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys australis)." ARKive. 4 October 2013. Archived 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
Vassallo, Aldo I.; Kittlein, Marcelo J.; Busch, Cristina (1994). "Owl Predation on Two Sympatric Species of Tuco-Tucos (Rodentia: Octodontidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 75 (3): 725–732. doi:10.2307/1382522. JSTOR 1382522.
Comparatore, V.M.; Cid, M.S.; Busch, C. (1995). "Dietary Preferences of Two Sympatric Subterranean Rodent Populations in Argentina" (PDF). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 68: 197–206.
Cutrera, A. P.; Mora, M. S.; Antenucci, C. D.; Vassallo, A. I. (2010). "Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Home-range Size in Sympatric Tuco-Tucos, Ctenomys australis and C. talarum". Journal of Mammalogy. 91 (6): 1425–1434. doi:10.1644/10-MAMM-A-057.1. JSTOR 40961871. S2CID 85964128.
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