Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentia
Subordo: Hystricomorpha
Infraordo: Hystricognathi
Parvordo: Caviomorpha
Familia: Erethizontidae
Subfamilia: Erethizontinae
Genus: Coendou
Species (16): C. baturitensis – C. bicolor – C. ichillus – C. insidiosus – C. longicaudatus – C. melanurus – C. mexicanus – C. nycthemera – C. prehensilis – C. pruinosus – C. quichua – C. roosmalenorum – C. rufescens – C. speratus – C. spinosus – C. vestitus
Name
Coendou Lacépède, 1799: 11
Type species: Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Lacepède, B.G.E. 1799. Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle. Donné dans le Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, l'an VII de la République, et Tableaux methodiques des mammifères et des oiseaux. Paris. MDZ. Discours pp. 1–55. Mammifères pp. 1–18. Oiseaux pp. 1–20. Reference page.
Additional references
Pontes, A.R.M., Gadelha, J.R., Melo, E.R.A., Sá, F.B., Loss, A.C., Caldara Junior, V., Costa, L.P. & Leite, Y.L.R. 2013. A new species of porcupine, genus Coendou (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3636(3): 421–438. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.2 Paywall Reference page.
Gregory, T., Lunde, D., Zamora-Meza, H.T. & Carrasco-Rueda, F. 2015. Records of Coendou ichillus (Rodentia, Erethizontidae) from the Lower Urubamba Region of Peru. Zookeys 509: 109–121. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.509.9821 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Prehensile-tailed Porcupine
português do Brasil: Ouriços-cacheiros
The prehensile-tailed porcupines or coendous (genus Coendou) are found in Central and South America.[2] Two other formerly recognized Neotropical tree porcupine genera, Echinoprocta[3] and Sphiggurus,[4] have been subsumed into Coendou, since Sphiggurus was shown by genetic studies to be polyphyletic, while Echinoprocta nested within Coendou.[5]
Characteristics
Among the most notable features of Coendou porcupines are their unspined prehensile tails. The front and hind feet are also modified for grasping. These limbs all contribute to making this animal an adept climber, an adaptation to living most of their lives in trees.[6]
They feed on leaves, shoots, fruits, bark, roots, and buds. They can be pests of plantation crops.[6] They also make a distinctive "baby-like" sound to communicate in the wild.
Their young are born with soft hair that hardens to quills with age. Adults are slow-moving and will roll into a ball when threatened and on the ground. The record longevity is 27 years.[7]
Species
Genus Coendou - prehensile-tailed porcupines[5]
Baturite porcupine - C. baturitensis - a newly discovered species[8][9][10]
Bicolored-spined porcupine - C. bicolor
Streaked dwarf porcupine - C. ichillus
Bahia porcupine - C. insidiosus
Black-tailed hairy dwarf porcupine - C. melanurus
Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine - C. mexicanus
Black dwarf porcupine - C. nycthemera
Amazonian long-tailed porcupine - C. longicaudatus
Brazilian porcupine - C. prehensilis
Frosted hairy dwarf porcupine - C. pruinosus
Andean porcupine - C. quichua
Roosmalen's dwarf porcupine - C. roosmalenorum
Stump-tailed porcupine - C. rufescens
Santa Marta porcupine - C. sanctamartae
C. speratus - a newly discovered species[11]
Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine - C. spinosus
Brown hairy dwarf porcupine - C. vestitus
References
"Coendou in the Paleobiology Database". Fossilworks. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Coendou". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1546–1547. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Echinoprocta". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1547–1548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Sphiggurus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1548–1550. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Voss, R. S.; Hubbard, C.; Jansa, S. A. (February 2013). "Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. 3769 (3769): 1–36. doi:10.1206/3769.2. S2CID 55426177.
Nowak 1999
Gorbunova, Bozzella & Seluanov 2008
Feijó, Anderson; Langguth, Alfredo (2013-09-12). "A new species of porcupine from the Baturité range". Revista Nordestina de Biologia. 22 (1/2): 124–126.
"New Discovery: Porcupine Species Identified in Brazil". National Geographic. 2013-12-10. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
"Coendou baturitensis: New Porcupine Discovered in Brazil". Sci-News.com. 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
Pontes, A.R.M.; Gadelha, J.R.; Melo, É.R.A.; SÁ, F.B.; Loss, A.C.; Caldara Jr, V.; Costa, L.P.; Leite, Y.L.R. (2013-04-05). "A new species of porcupine, genus Coendou (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3636 (3): 421–438. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.2. PMID 26042302.
Gorbunova, V; Bozzella, MJ; Seluanov, A (September 2008). "Rodents for comparative aging studies: from mice to beavers". Age (Dordr). 30 (2–3): 111–119. doi:10.1007/s11357-008-9053-4. PMC 2527635. PMID 19424861.
Nowak, Ronald M (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1538–1599. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
