Xiphorhynchus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Furnariida
Superfamilia: Furnarioidea

Familia: Furnariidae
Subfamilia: Dendrocolaptinae
Genus: Xiphorhynchus
Species: X. atlanticus – X. elegans – X. erythropygius – X. flavigaster – X. fuscus – X. guttatus – X. lachrymosus – X. obsoletus – X. ocellatus – X. pardalotus – X. spixii – X. susurrans – X. triangularis
Name

Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827

Typus: Xiphorhynchus flavigaster Swainson, 1827

Synonyms

Talapius Rafinesque, 1815
Picolaptes Lesson, 1832
Dendrornis Eyton, 1852
Thripobrotus Cabanis, 1847
Xiphorynchus [variation]
Xyphorhynchus [variation]
Ziphorhynchus [variation]
Ziphorynchus [variation]

References
Primary references

Swainson, W.J., 1827. A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and H.S., and Mr. William Bullock, jun. The Philosophical Magazine or Annals of Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural History, and General Science Vol.1 New and united series. January–June, 1827. Nr.V May Art.72: 364–369; Nr.VI June Art.85: 433–442 London. p. 440 BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Sousa-Neves, T.; Aleixo, A. & Sequeira, F. 2013. Cryptic patterns of diversification of a widespread Amazonian Woodcreeper species complex (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) inferred from multilocus phylogenetic analysis: implications for historical biogeography and taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 410-424. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.018 Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Woodcreepers
español: Trepatroncos
português: Arapaçus

Xiphorhynchus is a genus of birds in the woodcreeper subfamily (Dendrocolaptinae) that are found in Middle and South America.
Taxonomy

The genus Xiphorhynchus was introduced in 1827 by the English naturalist William John Swainson.[1] The name combines the Ancient Greek xiphos meaning "sword" with rhunkhos meaning "bill".[2] Swainson did not specify the type species but this was subsequently designated as the ivory-billed woodcreeper.[3]

The genus contains the following 13 species:[4]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Striped woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus obsoletus	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
	Lesser woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus fuscus	eastern Brazil.
	Ceara woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus atlanticus	northeastern Brazil.
	Chestnut-rumped woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus pardalotus	Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
	Ocellated woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus ocellatus	Southern Amazonia.
	Elegant woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus elegans	western and southern Amazon in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
	Spix's woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus spixii	eastern Amazon of Brazil.
	Buff-throated woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus guttatus	tropical South America in the Guiana
	Cocoa woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus susurrans	tropical Central and South America in Trinidad, Tobago, northern Colombia and northern Venezuela.
	Ivory-billed woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus flavigaster	Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
	Black-striped woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus	Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
	Spotted woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus erythropygius	Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
	Olive-backed woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus triangularis	Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

The straight-billed woodcreeper and Zimmer's woodcreeper are now separated in Dendroplex.

References

Swainson, William John (1827). "A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun". Philosophical Magazine. New Series. 1: 364–369, 433–442 [440]. doi:10.1080/14786442708674330.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 411. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 36.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 March 2023.