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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Furnariida
Superfamilia: Furnarioidea
Familia: Furnariidae
Genus: Xenops
Species: Xenops rutilans
Subspecies: X. r. chapadensis – X. r. connectens – X. r. guayae – X. r. heterurus – X. r. incomptus – X. r. perijanus – X. r. peruvianus – X. r. phelpsi – X. r. purusianus – X. r. rutilans – X. r. septentrionalis
Name
Xenops rutilans Temminck, 1821
Synonyms
Xenops rutilus (protonym)
References
Primary references
Temminck, C.J. & Meiffren Laugier de Chartrouse 1821–1838. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d’oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon, édition in-folio et in-4° de l’Imprimerie nationale, 1770. Levrault, Paris. Vol. IV. No. 362–480 pp. 1–176. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.51468 BHL.Reference page. livr.12 pl.72 fig.2 BHL Description unnumbered page BHL
Additional references
Dickinson, E.C. 2011. The first twenty livraisons of “Les Planches Coloriées d’Oiseaux” of Temminck & Laugier (1820‐1839): II. Issues of authorship, nomenclature and taxonomy. Zoological Bibliography 1(4): 151–166. Full article (PDF)Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Streaked xenops
español: Picolezna rojizo
português: Bico-virado-carijó
The streaked xenops (Xenops rutilans) is a passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World from Costa Rica and Trinidad south to Bolivia and northern Argentina. Like the closely related true woodcreepers, it is a member of the South American bird family Furnariidae.
The streaked xenops is typically 4.8 inches (12 cm) long, weighs 0.44 oz (12 g), and has a stubby wedge-shaped bill. The head is dark brown with a whitish supercilium and malar stripe. The upper parts are brown, becoming rufous on the tail and rump, and there is a buff bar on the darker brown wings. The underparts are white-streaked olive brown. Males and females look alike. Visually inconspicuous, it is easier located by its chattering call, a series of 5 or 6 metallic zeet notes.
It is found in wet forests in foothills and mountains between 2,000–7,200 ft (610–2,190 m) ASL, and will utilize secondary forests and opened-up growth.[2] The streaked xenops is often difficult to see as it forages on bark, rotting stumps or bare twigs;[2] it moves in all directions on the trunk like a treecreeper, but does not use its tail as a prop. It feeds on arthropods such as the larvae of wood-boring beetles, but can also catch flying termites in mid-air.[3] It joins mixed-species feeding flocks on a more or less regular basis depending on location, usually moving through the middle levels of the forest.[4]
The streaked xenops builds its nest by simply placing a few stems and roots in a hole 5–15 ft (1.5–4.6 m) high in a tree. The normal clutch is two white eggs, incubated by both sexes.
Footnotes
BirdLife International (2012). "Xenops rutilans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
de L. Fávaro et al. (2006)
Olson & Alvarenga (2006)
Machado (1999), Olson & Alvarenga (2006)
References
de L. Fávaro, Fernando; dos Anjos, Luiz; Lopes, Edson V.; Mendonça, Luciana B. & Volpato, Graziele H. (2006): Efeito do gradiente altitudinal/latitudinal sobre espécies de aves florestais da família Furnariidae na Bacia do Rio Tibagi, Paraná, Brasil [Effect of altitudinal/latitudinal gradient about forest ovenbirds species (Aves: Furnariidae) in the Tibagi river basin, Paraná, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23(1): 261–266 [Portuguese with English abstract]. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752006000100020 PDF fulltext
ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
Hilty, Steven L. (2003): Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
Machado, C.G. (1999): A composição dos bandos mistos de aves na Mata Atlântica da Serra de Paranapiacaba, no sudeste brasileiro [Mixed flocks of birds in Atlantic Rain Forest in Serra de Paranapiacaba, southeastern Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59(1): 75-85 [Portuguese with English abstract]. doi:10.1590/S0034-71081999000100010 PDF fulltext
Olson, Storrs L. & Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. (2006): An extraordinary feeding assemblage of birds at a termite swarm in the Serra da Mantiqueira, São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14(3): 297-299 [English with Portuguese abstract]. PDF fulltext
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