Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Ordo: Psittaciformes
Familia: Psittaculidae
Subfamilia: Loriinae
Genus: Vini
Species: Vini stepheni
Name
Vini stepheni (North, 1908)
Original combination: Calliptilus stepheni
References
Primary references
North, A.J. 1908: On three apparently undescribed birds from Henderson or Elizabeth Island, Paumotu Group. Records of the Australian Museum, 7: 29–32, plates viii-ix. BHL
Additional references
Graves, G.R. 1992: The endemic land birds of Henderson Island, southeastern Polynesia: notes on natural history and conservation. Wilson bulletin, 104(l): 32–43. PDF
Vini stepheni – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
IUCN: Vini stepheni (Vulnerable)
Vernacular names
català: Lori de Henderson
Cymraeg: Lori Stephen
Deutsch: Hendersonlori
English: Stephen's lorikeet
suomi: Kookoslurikki
français: Lori de Stephen
日本語: ムネムラサキインコ
кырык мары: Хендерсон ӹдӹр лори
Nederlands: Stephens lori
polski: Loreczka przepasana
русский: Хендерсонов лори-отшельник
svenska: hendersonlorikit
Stephen's lorikeet (Vini stepheni), also known as the Henderson lorikeet or the Henderson Island Lorikeet, is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Islands of the South Pacific.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss and the accidental introduction of predators to the island.[2]
Description
The lorikeets are 19 cm (7.5 in) in length and weigh 42–55 g (1.5–1.9 oz).
Adults are green on the upper side, with a green occiput and crown. The green color turns into a yellow-green at the base and tail. They have a green underwings, with a green band across the chest that varies in appearance. Their breast is red in color, and turns purple towards their abdomen and thighs. They have a deep orange beak with yellow or orange eyes.[3]
Juvenile Stephen's lorikeets have green underparts with purple or red marks on their throats and abdomens. Their tail tends to be a dark green. They have brown beaks and eyes.[3]
The calls emitted while feeding are soft and twittering. The call made while in flight are louder.[3]
Behavior and ecology
The lorikeets are hard to spot in dense foliage. They are generally found in small groups or flocks. They are known to travel between the inland foliage and coastal palms to feed on coconuts.[3]
Diet
The diet of the birds is composed of nectar, pollen, fruits, and butterfly and moth larvae. The majority of nectar eaten by the lorikeets comes from the flowers of Scaevola sericea and Timonius polygamus.[3][4]
Reproduction
Their breeding season is thought to be around April or the start of May.[3]
Threats
The lorikeets are assessed as vulnerable by the IUCN. They are thought to have a stable population of 720-1820 individuals. Due to their extremely limited range, the main threat to the survival of the lorikeets is the accidental introduction of predators to Henderson Island and habitat loss due to deforestation or natural disasters. They, however, seem to have adjusted to the introduction of at least one invasive predator, the Polynesian rat. There has been an unsuccessful attempt to eradicate invasive rodents from Henderson Island.[3][5]
Distribution and habitat
The lorikeet is endemic to Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Islands. It inhabits coconut palms as well as the dense forest on the interior of the island.[3]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Vini stepheni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22684636A93038560. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684636A93038560.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (1 October 2016). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Henderson Lorikeet". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Parrots.org Stephens-lorikeet".
"The feeding ecology of Stephen's lory and nectar availability in its food plants". ResearchGate. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
"Population status of four endemic land bird species after an unsuccessful rodent eradication on Henderson Island | Request PDF". ResearchGate. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
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