Trogon collaris ( Michael Woodruff, Trogon collaris (male) -NW Ecuador-4, Size, CC BY-SA 2.0 )
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Ordo: Trogoniformes
Familia: Trogonidae
Genus: Trogon
Species: Trogon collaris
Subspecies: T. c. castaneus - T. c. collaris - T. c. exopatus - T. c. extimus - T. c. hoethinus - T. c. puella - T. c. subtropicalis - T. c. virginalis
Name
Trogon collaris Vieillot, 1817
References
Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée Aux Arts, principalement à l'Agriculture et à l'Economie rurale et domestique par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs, avec des figures tirées des trois règnes de la nature. 8 p. 320
Vernacular names
čeština: trogon límcový
dansk: Båndhaletrogon
Deutsch: Jungferntrogon
English: Collared Trogon
español: Trogón Acollarado
eesti: välu-järanokk
suomi: käkitrogoni
français: Trogon rosalba
magyar: Hegyi trogon
italiano: Trogone dal collare
日本語: クビワキヌバネドリ, kubiwakinubanedori
Nederlands: Gekraagde trogon
norsk: Båndtrogon
polski: trogon obrożny
português do Brasil: Surucuá-de-coleira
português: Surucuá-de-coleira
русский: Ошейниковый трогон
slovenčina: trogón pásikavý
svenska: Halsbandstrogon
中文: 白领美洲咬鹃
The collared trogon (Trogon collaris) is a near passerine bird in family Trogonidae, the quetzals and trogons. It is found in Mexico, throughout Central America, and in northern South America.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy recognize these 10 subspecies of collared trogon. They treated T. c. aurantiiventris ("orange-bellied trogon") as a separate species until the late 2010s.[2][3]
T. c. puella Gould (1846)
T. c. underwoodi Bangs (1908)
T. c. aurantiiventris Gould (1846)
T. c. extimus Griscom (1929)
T. c. heothinus Wetmore (1967)
T. c. virginalis Cabanis & Heine (1863)
T. c. subtropicalis Zimmer (1948)
T. c. exoptatus Cabanis & Heine (1863)
T. c. collaris Vieillot (1817)
T. c. castaneus Spix (1824)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes eight subspecies, excluding T. c. aurantiiventris and T. c. underwoodi.[4]
Description
Trogons have distinctive male and female plumages, with soft, often colorful, feathers. The collared trogon is about 25 to 29 cm (9.8 to 11.4 in) long and weigh abouts 41 to 64 g (1.4 to 2.3 oz). Both sexes have a black face and throat. The male's crown, nape, back, and rump are bright metallic green. The folded wing shows black and white vermiculation. The breast is also metallic green with a white band separating it from the bright red belly and vent. The upperside of the tail is green with a black tip and the underside is barred black and white. The female is olive brown where the male is green, the closed wing is brown with black vermiculation, and the belly is a duller red than the male's. The underside of the tail is gray with a few black bars and white tips.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The 10 subspecies of collared trogon are found thus:[2][5]
T. c. puella, central Mexico to western Panama
T. c. underwoodi, northwestern Costa Rica
T. c. aurantiiventris, central Costa Rica to western Panama
T. c. extimus, eastern Darién Province in northeastern Panama
T. c. heothinus, Panama's Serranía del Darién
T. c. virginalis, western Colombia through western Ecuador into northwestern Peru
T. c. subtropicalis, central Colombia, especially the Magdalena and Cauca valleys
T. c. exoptatus, northern Venezuela (and Trinidad & Tobago?)
T. c. collaris, east of the Andes from Colombia south to northern Bolivia and east through the Guianas and much of west central Brazil (and Trinidad & Tobago?)
T. c. castaneus, southeastern Colombia south to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia and into northwestern Brazil; also eastern Brazil
Clements places T. c. exoptatus in Trindad & Tobago; the IOC places T. c. collaris there instead.
In South America the collared trogon inhabits humid lowland evergreen forest, both primary and well-established secondary. In Mexico and Central America it inhabits those forest types and in addition humid montane, semideciduous, and pine-evergreen forests. It is found as high as 2,400 m (7,900 ft) in Mexico and 2,300 m (7,500 ft) in Costa Rica, but in the Andes it is mostly below 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in Ecuador and 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Peru.[5]
Behavior
The collared trogon usually perches between the higher understory and the lower part of the canopy. It is usually seen singly or in pairs, but small groups may gather outside the breeding season.[5]
Feeding
The collared trogon eats small fruits and invertebrates such as caterpillars, crickets, cicadas, and beetles. They often accompany the edges of mixed-species foraging flocks but do not mix with the other members.[5]
Breeding
The collared trogon's nesting season is highly variable across the species' wide distribution, beginning as early as November in French Guiana and as late as April in Venezuela. It nests in cavities in decaying wood or arboreal termite nests; the cavity is often so shallow that much of the bird is visible. The normal clutch size is two eggs. Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.[5]
Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.
Songs and calls
Listen to collared trogon on xeno-canto
Vocalization
The collared trogon's song varies geographically. The Mexican and Central American populations sing "a plaintive 2-3 noted kyow'-kyow or caow' caow, and a faster kyow kyow-kyow". South American songs are described as "a series of mellow whistled notes, usually with a stuttered introductory note: whi'whi whew-whew-whew." Calls include "a prolonged charr" and a "snorting chur-r-r-r".[5]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the collared trogon as being of Least Concern. It has a very large, though not quantified, population and a very large range.[1]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T61692251A95176245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61692251A95176245.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
Inman, S. (2020). Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.coltro1.01 retrieved October 25, 2021
External links
Collared trogon photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
Further reading
ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
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