Tringa totanus (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis: Sarcopterygii
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Charadrii
Familia: Scolopacidae
Genus: Tringa
Species: Tringa totanus
Subspecies: T. t. craggi – T. t. eurhinus – T. t. robusta – T. t. terrignotae – T. t. totanus – T. t. ussuriensis
Name
Tringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Scolopax totanus (protonym)
Totanus totanus
Tringa gambetta Linnaeus, 1758
References
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 145. Reference page.
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Rooipootruiter
العربية: طيطوي أحمر الساق
asturianu: Chibibí
azərbaycanca: Otluq cüllütü
башҡортса: Тәтелдәүес
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Траўнік
беларуская: Траўнік
български: Малък червенокрак водобегач
বাংলা: লালপা পি-উ
brezhoneg: Strelleg pavioù ruz
català: Gamba roja vulgar
нохчийн: ЦӀиэкогашберг
kaszëbsczi: Torfnik
čeština: Vodouš rudonohý
Cymraeg: Pibydd Coesgoch
dansk: Rødben
Deutsch: Rotschenkel
Ελληνικά: Κοκκινοσκέλης
English: Common Redshank
Esperanto: Ruĝkrura tringo
español: Archibebe Común
eesti: Punajalg-tilder
euskara: Bernagorri arrunt
فارسی: آبچلیک معمولی
suomi: Punajalkaviklo
føroyskt: Stelkur
Nordfriisk: Kleer
français: Chevalier gambette
Frysk: Tjirk
Gaeilge: Cosdeargán
Gàidhlig: Cam ghlas
galego: Bilurico patirrubio
Gaelg: Goblan Marrey
עברית: ביצנית לבנת כנף
हिन्दी: Kottan
hrvatski: Crvenonoga Prutka
magyar: Piroslábú cankó
հայերեն: Կտցար կարմրաոտիկ
Bahasa Indonesia: Trinil kaki-merah
íslenska: Stelkur
italiano: Pettegola
日本語: アカアシシギ
ქართული: მსევანი
қазақша: Шєпілдек
한국어: 붉은발도요
kurdî: Çîqsor
Lëtzebuergesch: Routpatt
lietuvių: Raudonkojis tulikas
latviešu: Pļavu tilbīte
македонски: Црвенонога тринга
മലയാളം: ചോരക്കാലി
монгол: Улаан хөлт хөгчүү - ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠴᠦ
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Kedidi Kaki Merah
Malti: Pluverott
Nedersaksies: Tuterink
नेपाली: लालखुट्टे टिमटिमा
Nederlands: Tureluur
norsk nynorsk: Raudstilk
norsk: Rødstilk
polski: Krwawodziób
پنجابی: لال چہا
português: Cacongo
rumantsch: Trintga cotschna
română: Fluierar cu picioare roşii
русский: Травник
davvisámegiella: Ruksesjuolcoavzzu
slovenčina: Kalužiak červenonohý
slovenščina: Rdečenogi martinec
shqip: Qyrylyku këmbëqirizë
српски / srpski: Crvenonogi prudnik / Црвеноноги прудник
Seeltersk: Tüüdik
svenska: Rödbena
Kiswahili: Chamchanga Miguu-hina
தமிழ்: பவளக்காலி
ไทย: นกทะเลขาแดง
Türkçe: Kızılbacak
українська: Коловодник звичайний
vèneto: Pipì
Tiếng Việt: Choắt nâu
中文: 红脚鹬
The common redshank or simply redshank (Tringa totanus) is a Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae.
Taxonomy
The common redshank was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Scolopax totanus.[2] It is now placed with twelve other species in the genus Tringa that Linnaeus had introduced in 1758.[3][4] The genus name Tringa is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by the Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi in 1603 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific totanus is from Tótano, the Italian name for this bird.[5]
Six subspecies are recognised:[4]
T. t. robusta (Schiøler, 1919)[6] – breeds in Iceland and the Faroe Islands; non-breeding around the British Isles and west Europe
T. t. totanus (Linnaeus, 1758) – breeds in west, north Europe to west Siberia; winters in Africa, India and Indonesia
T. t. ussuriensis Buturlin, 1934[7] – breeds in southern Siberia, Mongolia and east Asia; non-breeding in Africa, India and southeast Asia
T. t. terrignotae Meinertzhagen, R. & Meinertzhagen, A., 1926 – breeds in southern Manchuria and eastern China; non-breeding in east and southeast Asia
T. t. craggi Hale, 1971 – breeds in northwest China; non-breeding in east and southeast Asia
T. t. eurhina (Oberholser, 1900)[8] – breeds in Tajikistan, north India and Tibet;[9] non-breeding in India and the Malay Peninsula
Description
Common redshanks in breeding plumage are a marbled brown color, slightly lighter below. In winter plumage they become somewhat lighter-toned and less patterned, being rather plain greyish-brown above and whitish below. They have red legs and a black-tipped red bill, and show white up the back and on the wings in flight.
The spotted redshank (T. erythropus), which breeds in the Arctic, has a longer bill and legs; it is almost entirely black in breeding plumage and very pale in winter. It is not a particularly close relative of the common redshank, but rather belongs to a high-latitude lineage of largish shanks. T. totanus on the other hand is closely related to the marsh sandpiper (T. stagnatilis), and closer still to the small wood sandpiper (T. glareola). The ancestors of the latter and the common redshank seem to have diverged around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary, about 5–6 million years ago. These three subarctic- to temperate-region species form a group of smallish shanks with have red or yellowish legs, and in breeding plumage are generally a subdued light brown above with some darker mottling, and have somewhat diffuse small brownish spots on the breast and neck.[10]
Distribution and habitat
The common redshank is a widespread breeding bird across temperate Eurasia. It is a migratory species, wintering on coasts around the Mediterranean, on the Atlantic coast of Europe from Ireland and Great Britain southwards, and in South Asia. They are uncommon vagrants outside these areas; on Palau in Micronesia for example, the species was recorded in the mid-1970s and in 2000.[11] A tagged redshank was spotted at Manakudi Bird Sanctuary, Kanniyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India in the month of April 2021.[12]
Eggs, Museum Wiesbaden
Behaviour and ecology
They are wary and noisy birds which will alert everything else with their loud piping call.
Breeding
Redshanks will nest in any wetland, from damp meadows to saltmarsh, often at high densities.[13] They lay 3–5 eggs.
Food and feeding
Like most waders, they feed on small invertebrates.
Status
The common redshank is widely distributed and quite plentiful in some regions, and thus not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.[1] It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.[14]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Tringa totanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22693211A86687799. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693211A86687799.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 145.
Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 148.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 388, 390. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Schiøler, E.L. (1919). "Om den Islandske Redben (Totunus calidris robustus)". Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift (in Danish). XIII: 207–211.
Buturlin, S.A. (1934). Полный определитель птиц СССР [Polnyi Opredelitel Ptitsy SSSR] [Complete keys to the birds of the USSR] (in Russian). I: 88.
Oberholser, H.C. (1900). "Birds from Central Asia". Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum. XXII: 207–208.
Hale, W.G. (1971). "A revision of the taxonomy of the Redshank Tringa totanus". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 50 (3): 199–268. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1971.tb00761.x.
Pereira, Sérgio Luiz; Baker, Alan J. (2005). "Multiple Gene Evidence for Parallel Evolution and Retention of Ancestral Morphological States in the Shanks (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)". The Condor. 107 (3): 514–526. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0514:MGEFPE]2.0.CO;2.
Wiles, Gary J.; Johnson, Nathan C.; de Cruz, Justine B.; Dutson, Guy; Camacho, Vicente A.; Kepler, Angela Kay; Vice, Daniel S.; Garrett, Kimball L.; Kessler, Curt C.; Pratt, H. Douglas (2004). "New and Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, 1986–2003". Micronesica. 37 (1): 69–96. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009.
Two Tagged migratory birds spotted in salt pans in Manakudy bird reserve, The Hindu, Thiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu Edition, India, pp4, 12.04.2021. thehindu.com
Cadbury, C. J.; Green, R.; Allport, G. (1987). "Redshanks and other breeding waders of British saltmarshes". RSPB Conservation Review. 1: 37–40 – via https://www.researchgate.net/
"Species". Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA). Retrieved 14 November 2021.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
_at_Bharatpur_I_IMG_5501.jpg){kind=link}