Tringa erythropus (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Charadrii
Familia: Scolopacidae
Genus: Tringa
Species: Tringa erythropus
Name
Tringa erythropus (Pallas, 1764)
Synonymy
Scolopax erythropus (protonym)
Totanus erythropus
Scolopax fusca Gmelin, 1788, Systema Naturae 657 (nom. inval., non Linnaeus, 1758)
Limosa fusca
Tringa fuscus
Totanus fuscus
Scolopax curonica Gmelin, 1788, Systema Naturae 669
Tringa atra Gmelin, 1788, Systema Naturae 673
Totanus maculatus Bechstein, 1803
Totanus natans Bechstein, 1803
References
Catalogue raisonné d'une collection supérieurement belle d'oiseaux [Vroeg]: 6, no.306 [reprint 1905].
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Gevlekte Rooipootruiter
العربية: الطيطوى حمراء الساق الرقطاء
asturianu: Chibibí Pintu
azərbaycanca: Şepol
беларуская: Кулік-шчогаль
български: Голям червеноног водобегач
বাংলা: তিলা লালপা
brezhoneg: Ar strelleg du
català: Cama-roja pintada
čeština: Vodouš tmavý
Cymraeg: Pibydd coesgoch mannog
dansk: Sortklire
Deutsch: Dunkler Wasserläufer
Ελληνικά: Μαυρονεραλλίδα
English: Spotted Redshank
Esperanto: Malhela tringo
español: Archibebe Oscuro
eesti: Tumetilder
euskara: Bernagorri ilun
suomi: Mustaviklo
føroyskt: Svartstelkur
français: Chevalier arlequin
Gaeilge: Cosdeargán Breac
Gàidhlig: Gearradh bhreac
galego: Bilurico escuro
Gaelg: Gollan marrey breck
עברית: ביצנית אדומת רגל
hrvatski: Crna Prutka
magyar: Füstös cankó
հայերեն: Կտցար պտավոր
Bahasa Indonesia: Burung Trinil Tutul
íslenska: Sótstelkur
italiano: Totano moro
日本語: ツルシギ
ქართული: პრანჭა-ჭოვილო
қазақша: Тәкілдек балшықшы
한국어: 학도요
Lëtzebuergesch: Donkele Waasserleefer
lombard: Petònega
lietuvių: Tamsusis tilvikas
latviešu: Tumšā tilbīte
македонски: Тринга
монгол: Нугасч начин - ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠱᠣᠩᠬᠣᠷ
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Kedidi Berbintik
Malti: Ċuvett
Nederlands: Zwarte Ruiter
norsk: Sotsnipe
polski: Brodziec śniady
português do Brasil: Macarico-de-perna-vermelha
português: Perna-vermelha-escuro
rumantsch: Trintga naira
română: Fluierar negru
русский: Щеголь
davvisámegiella: Cáhppescoavzzu
slovenčina: Kalužiak tmavý
slovenščina: Črni martinec
shqip: Qyrylyku i murrmë
српски / srpski: Mrki prudnik - Мрки прудник
svenska: Svartsnäppa
Kiswahili: Chamchanga Madoa
ไทย: นกทะเลขาแดงลายจุด
Türkçe: Kara kızılbacak
українська: Коловодник чорний
Tiếng Việt: Chim Choắt chân đỏ
中文: 鹤鹬
The spotted redshank (Tringa erythropus) is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name Tringa is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific erythropus is from Ancient Greek eruthros, "red", and pous, "foot".[3]
It breeds across northern Scandinavia and the northern Palearctic and migrates south to the Mediterranean, the southern British Isles, France, tropical Africa, and tropical Asia for the winter. It is an occasional vagrant to Australia and North America.
Contents
1 Taxonomy
2 Description
3 Habitat and range
4 Behaviour
4.1 Food and feeding
4.2 Breeding
5 Conservation and threats
6 Notes
7 References
7.1 Sources
8 External links
Taxonomy
The spotted redshank was described by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name Scolopax erythropus.[4][5][6] It is a monotypic species, with no recognised subspecies.[7] Taxonomically, it forms a close-knit group with several other large Tringa species, with molecular sequencing showing it to be a sister clade to that containing the greater yellowlegs and the common greenshank.[8]
Description
This is a large wader (shorebird), measuring 29–31 cm (11–12 in) long,[nb 1] with a wingspan of 61–67 cm (24–26 in) and a weight ranging from 121 to 205 g (4.3 to 7.2 oz).[10] It is black in breeding plumage, and very pale in winter. It has a red legs and bill, and shows a white oval on the back in flight. Juveniles are grey-brown finely speckled white above, and have pale, finely barred underparts. Adults moult completely between July and October. In spring, the body plumage is moulted between March and May. Juveniles have a partial moult between August and February.[11] The call is a creaking whistle teu-it (somewhat similar to the call of a roseate tern), the alarm call a kyip-kyip-kyip.
Habitat and range
The spotted redshank breeds in the Arctic across much of the Palearctic, from Lapland in the west to Chukotskaya in the east.[8]
Behaviour
Food and feeding
Like most waders, it feeds on small invertebrates.
Breeding
Spotted redshank - breeding plumage
It nests on open boggy taiga, laying four eggs in a ground scrape. For breeding the bird moults to a black to dark grey with white spots. During breeding plumage the legs also turn a dark grey. See image alongside.
Conservation and threats
The spotted redshank is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Notes
By convention, length is measured from the tip of the bill to the tip of the tail on a dead bird (or skin) laid on its back.[9]
References
BirdLife International (2015). "Tringa erythropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T22693207A67217485. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22693207A67217485.en.
"synonyms of Tringa erythropus". Avibase. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 150, 390. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Peters, James Lee (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 2. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 264.
Sherborn, C. Davies (1905). "The new species of birds in Vroeg's catalogue, 1764". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 47: 332–341 [340 No.306]. Includes a transcript of the 1764 text.
Rookmaaker, L.C.; Pieters, F.F.J.M. (2000). "Birds in the sales catalogue of Adriaan Vroeg (1764) described by Pallas and Vosmaer". Contributions to Zoology. 69 (4): 271–277. doi:10.1163/18759866-06904005.
O'Brien, Crossley & Karlson 2006, p. 357
Parkin & Knox 2010, p. 173
Cramp 1977, p. 3
O'Brien, Crossley & Karlson 2006, p. 254
RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). UK ISBN 978-1-4729-0647-2.
Sources
Cramp, Stanley, ed. (1977). Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: Birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. 1, Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857358-8.
O'Brien, Michael; Crossley, Richard; Karlson, Kevin (2006). The Shorebird Guide. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-43294-9.
Parkin, David T.; Knox, Alan G. (2010). The Status of Birds in Britain and Ireland. London, UK: Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4081-2500-7.
Pereira, S.L.; Baker, A.J. (2005). "Multiple Gene Evidence for Parallel Evolution and Retention of Ancestral Morphological States in the Shanks (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)". Condor. 107 (3): 514–526. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0514:MGEFPE]2.0.CO;2.
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