Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis: Sarcopterygii
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Apodiformes
Familia: Trochilidae
Subfamilia: Trochilinae
Genus: Thaumastura
Species: Thaumastura cora
Name
Thaumastura cora (Lesson & Garnot, 1827: 682) [Protonym: Orthorhynchus cora]
Between Callao and Lima, western Peru.
References
Lesson, R.P. & Garnot, P. 1826–1830. In Duperrey, L.I. Voyage autour du monde Exécuté par ordre du Roi sur La Corvette de Sa Majesté La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 par L. I. Duperrey ... Commandant de l'Expedition ... Zoologie, tome I, pt. II. Paris. pp. 362–743. BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.57936 Reference page. [original description: p. 682, pl. 31 fig. 4]
Vernacular names
English: Peruvian Sheartail
The Peruvian sheartail (Thaumastura cora) is a hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. The species was first described by René Lesson and Prosper Garnot in 1827.
Distribution
This species can be found in Peru west of the Andes and has been recorded in Ecuador. It has spread into northernmost Chile in recent decades.[3]
Habitat
Santa Eulalia Valley - Peru
Its natural habitats are lower slopes and semi-arid coastal zone of Andes, at an elevation up to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) above sea level, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.[3][4]
Description
Illustration from Voyage autour du monde - Antoine Germain Bevalet (1779–1850)
Thaumastura cora can reach a length of about 13 to 15 cm (5.1 to 5.9 in) in males (tail 7 cm), of about 7 to 7.5 cm (2.8 to 3.0 in) in females. These tiny hummingbirds have a greatly elongated tail streamers and a short and straight black bill. The basic color of the plumage is iridescent green, with a white or light gray belly and an iridescent rosy purple to turquoise throat.[3][5]
The weight of this species is reportedly 2 to 2.5 g (0.071 to 0.088 oz), with an average mass of approximately 2.2 g (0.078 oz), which makes it one of the lightest birds alive. It seems to be the lightest known birds species found in South America, some 11,500 times lighter than the greater rhea, the heaviest extant South American bird. Although other extremely diminutive South American hummingbirds, i.e. woodstars from the genera Myrmia and Chaetocercus based upon their tiny total lengths, may rival the Peruvian sheartail in lightness but have no published weights.[4][6][7]
Distribution map of Thaumastura cora
Biology
These hummingbirds feed on nectar of flowering cacti, shrubs and trees (Russelia, Melocactus, Cordia and Malvaceae species).[3]
Bibliography
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International.
James A. Jobling: A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991, ISBN 978-0-19-854634-4.
Jon Fjeldså, Niels Krabbe: Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1990, ISBN 87-88757-16-1.
René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Bd. 1, Nr. 1. Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1827.
René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Bd. 1, Nr. 2. Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1830.
Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy. Bd. 1. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0.
Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Field Guide. Bd. 2. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
Thomas Scott Schulenberg, Douglas Forrester Stotz, Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill, Theodore Albert Parker III: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9.
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Thaumastura cora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22688150A93184547. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688150A93184547.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Handbook of the birds of the world
Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A.; Egg, A.B. (2010). Birds of Peru: Revised and Updated Edition. Princeton University Press. p. 250. ISBN 9781400834495. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Clark, Christopher J. (2013). "Peruvian Sheartail Thaumastura cora". Neotropical Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
Schuchmann, K.L. & Boesman, P. (2016). Peruvian Sheartail (Thaumastura cora). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008), ISBN 978-1-4200-6444-5.
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