Taoniscus nanus
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Palaeognathae
Ordo: Tinamiformes
Familia: Tinamidae
Subfamilia: Rhynchotinae
Genus: Taoniscus
Species: Taoniscus nanus
Name
Taoniscus nanus (Temminck, 1815)
Synonyms
Tinamus nanus (protonym)
References
Temminck C.J. 1815. Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacés. 3: 1–757, pl. 4–11. J.C. Sepp & Fils, Amsterdam and G. Dufour, Paris. BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.64844 Reference page. Original description p. 600 BHL
Links
IUCN: Taoniscus nanus (Vulnerable)
Vernacular names
čeština: Tinama drobná
English: Dwarf Tinamou
español: Inambú enano, Tinamú enano
hrvatski: Patuljasti tinamu
lietuvių: Nykštukinis tinamas
português: Inhambú-carapé
svenska: dvärgtinamo
Türkçe: Cüce tinamu
The dwarf tinamou (Taoniscus nanus) also known as the least tinamou, is a small, superficially partridge-like bird with short tail and wings.
Taxonomy and systematics
All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.[3] The dwarf tinamou is the only member of the genus Taoniscus and is a monotypic species.[4]
Description
It is approximately 16 cm (6.3 in) long. It is greyish-brown with a pale throat, boldly patterned neck and upper parts, and it has brown-barred buff underparts and a blackish crown. Some individuals are significantly darker and greyer than others, but it remains unclear if these plumage variations are morphs or differences between the sexes. The iris and legs are dull yellowish. It resembles a small dumpy nothura, but is more easily confused with the ocellated crake.
Vocalizations
Its voice consists of high-pitched cricket-like trills followed by peet notes.
Distribution and habitat
The dwarf tinamou is found in the arid scrub grasslands, around 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in elevation, restricted to the Cerrado region of interior southeastern Brazil[4] in Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo and formerly Paraná. Specimens were also known from Paraguay (Misiones) and Argentina (the Río Bermejo in either Chaco or Formosa), but all recent records are from Brazil.[1] It is, however, highly inconspicuous and easily overlooked.
Behaviour and ecology
Feeding
The diet of the dwarf tinamou consists mainly of grass seeds, termites, insects and arthropods.
Threats
The dwarf tinamou is currently threatened by the ongoing habitat loss caused by mechanised agriculture, intensive cattle-ranching, afforestation, invasive grasses, excessive use of pesticides and annual burning. It is also hunted by people for food in some areas. Farming and ranching are its largest threats.[5] The dwarf tinamou is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] It has an occurrence range of 57,700 km2 (22,300 sq mi), and the last population estimate, done in 2000, showed between 5,800 and 6,960 adults.[5]
Status
The dwarf tinamou is currently being conserved in three protected areas: Serra da Canastra National Park, Itapetininga Experimental Station and the IBGE Roncador Biological Reserve. Several areas adjacent to the Río Bermejo, Argentina, have been surveyed with the aid of tape-playback, but the species has not been found. It was also proposed to survey Serra do Cipó National Park, Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and Emas National Park specifically for this species with the aid of tape-playback. And conduct further surveys in Argentina and Paraguay in the areas where the specimen was collected. It was also proposed to determine best management practices for existing protected areas and control the burning of cerrado habitats.
Footnotes
BirdLife International (2019). "Taoniscus nanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22678286A142255701. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678286A142255701.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"ITIS Report: Taoniscus nanus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
Clements, J. (2007)
BirdLife International (2008)
References
BirdLife International (2008). "Dwarf Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Tinamous". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 57–59. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
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