Stercorarius longicaudus, Photo: Fish and Wildlife Service
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Lari
Familia: Stercorariidae
Genus: Stercorarius
Species: Stercorarius longicaudus
Subspecies: S. l. longicaudus – S. l. pallescens
Name
Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot, 1819
Stercorarius longicaudus egg
References
Primary references
Vieillot, L.J.P. 1819. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Avec des figures tirées des trois règnes de la nature. Tome 32. 595 pp. + 8 tt. Déterville, Paris. BHL Reference page. [See page 157.]
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Langstertroofmeeu
العربية: الكركر طويل الذيل
asturianu: Cágalu Rabullargu
беларуская: Даўгахвосты паморнік
български: Малък морелетник
brezhoneg: Ar sparfell-vor lostek
català: Paràsit coallarg
čeština: Chaluha malá
Cymraeg: Sgiwen lostfain
dansk: Lille kjove
Deutsch: Falkenraubmöwe
Ελληνικά: Βελονοληστόγλαρος
English: Long-tailed Skua
Esperanto: Longvosta rabmevo
español: Págalo Rabero
eesti: Pikksaba-änn
euskara: Marikoi isatsluze
suomi: Tunturikihu
føroyskt: Kjógvi
français: Labbe à longue queue
Gaeilge: Meirleach Earrfhada
Gàidhlig: Fàsgadair Stiureach
galego: Palleira rabilonga
Gaelg: Maarliagh marrey fammanagh
עברית: חמסן זנבתן
hrvatski: Dugorepi pomornik
Kreyòl ayisyen: Lab ke long
magyar: Nyílfarkú halfarkas
հայերեն: Որոր ծովահեն երկարապոչ
Bahasa Indonesia: Burung Camar-kejar Kecil
íslenska: Fjallkjói
italiano: Labbo codalunga
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut: Ishungak
日本語: シロハラトウゾクカモメ
kalaallisut: Papikkaaq
한국어: 좀도둑갈매기
Lëtzebuergesch: Kleng Skua
lietuvių: Uodeguotasis plėšikas
latviešu: Garastes klijkaija
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Pelangi Ekor
Malti: Ċiefa Denbha Twil
Nederlands: Kleinste jager
norsk: Fjelljo
polski: Wydrzyk długosterny
português do Brasil: Mandrião-de-cauda-comprida
português: Moleiro-de-cauda-comprida
rumantsch: Muetta da la cua lunga
română: Lup de mare codat
русский: Длиннохвостый поморник
davvisámegiella: Skáiti
slovenčina: Pomorník malý
slovenščina: Dolgorepa govnacka
српски / srpski: Dugorepi pomornik - Дугорепи поморник
svenska: Fjällabb
Kiswahili: Skua Mkia-mrefu
ไทย: นกเจเกอร์หางยาว
Türkçe: Uzun kuyruklu korsan martı
українська: Довгохвостий поморник
中文: 长尾贼鸥
The long-tailed skua or long-tailed jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae.
Etymology
The word "jaeger" is derived from the German word Jäger, meaning "hunter".[2] The English word "skua" comes from the Faroese name skúgvur [ˈskɪkvʊər] for the great skua, with the island of Skúvoy known for its colony of that bird. The general Faroese term for skuas is kjógvi [ˈtʃɛkvə].[3] The genus name Stercorarius is Latin and means "of dung"; the food disgorged by other birds when pursued by skuas was once thought to be excrement. The specific longicaudus is from Latin longus, "long", and cauda, "tail".[4]
Eggs, Collection Museum Wiesbaden
Description
Long-tailed jaeger in flight
This species is unmistakable as an adult, with grey back, dark primary wing feathers without a white "flash", black cap and very long tail. Adults often hover over their breeding territories. Juveniles are much more problematic, and are difficult to separate from parasitic jaeger over the sea. They are slimmer, longer-winged and more tern-like than that species, but show the same wide range of plumage variation. However, they are usually colder toned than Arctic, with greyer shades, rather than brown.
This is the smallest of the skua family at 38–58 cm (15–23 in), depending on season and age. However up to 29 cm (11 in) of its length can be made up by the tail which may include the 15 cm (5.9 in) tail streamers of the summer adult. The wingspan of this species ranges from 102 to 117 cm (40 to 46 in) and the body mass is 230–444 g (8.1–15.7 oz).[5][6]
Subspecies
Two subspecies are described:[7]
S. l. longicaudus – Vieillot, 1819: nominate, found in northern Scandinavia and Russia.
S. l. pallescens – Løppenthin, 1932: found in eastern Siberia, Arctic North America, and Greenland.
Breeding
Long-tailed jaeger illustration by Johann Friedrich Naumann
This species breeds in the high Arctic of Eurasia and North America, with major populations in Russia, Alaska and Canada and smaller populations around the rest of the Arctic. It is a migrant, wintering in the south Atlantic and Pacific. Passage juvenile birds sometimes hunt small prey in ploughed fields or golf-courses, and are typically quite fearless of humans.
They nest on dry tundra or higher fells laying two spotted olive-brown eggs. On the breeding grounds they can be heard making yelping and rattling sounds. Outside of the breeding season they spend most of their time over open ocean and have a harsh kreeah cry. This bird feeds on fish (mainly caught from other seabirds), smaller birds, food scraps, small mammals, fruit and carrion. On migration, long-tailed jaegers are more likely to catch their own food, and less likely to steal from gulls and terns than larger species.
References
BirdLife International (2018). "Stercorarius longicaudus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22694251A132536719. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694251A132536719.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
"Jaeger". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"Skua". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 229, 365. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (1992). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
"Long-tailed jaeger videos, photos and facts - Stercorarius longicaudus". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2011-10-29. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2021). "Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks". IOC World Bird List (V. 11.1). doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.11.1.
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