Sibirionetta formosa (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes
Familia: Anatidae
Genus: Sibirionetta
Species: Sibirionetta formosa
Name
Sibirionetta formosa (Georgi, 1775)
Synonyms
Anas formosa (protonym)
Nettion formosa
References
Bemerkungen einer Reise in Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772: 168.
IUCN: Sibirionetta formosa (Least Concern)
Vernacular names
čeština: Čírka sibiřská
dansk: Sibirisk krikand
Deutsch: Baikalente
English: Baikal Teal
Esperanto: Bajkala kreko
español: Cerceta del Baikal
français: Sarcelle élégante
hrvatski: Šarenoglava patka
magyar: Cifra réce
italiano: Alzavola asiatica
日本語: トモエガモ
한국어: 가창오리
lietuvių: Baikalinė kryklė
Nederlands: Siberische taling
norsk: Gulkinnand
polski: Cyraneczka bajkalska
русский: Клоктун
svenska: Gulkindad kricka
中文: 花脸鸭
The Baikal teal (Sibirionetta formosa), also called the bimaculate duck or squawk duck, is a dabbling duck that breeds in eastern Russia and winters in East Asia.
Taxonomy
The first formal description of the Baikal teal was by the German naturalist Johann Gottlieb Georgi in 1775 under the binomial name Anas formosa.[3][4] A molecular phylogentic study published in 2009 found that the genus Anas as then defined was non-monophyletic.[5] Based on this analysis the genus was split into four proposed genera with the Baikal teal placed in the resurrected genus Sibirionetta that had been introduced by the German zoologist Hans von Boetticher in 1929.[6][7] The name Sibirionetta is derived from the Latin sibiricus for Siberia and the Ancient Greek nētta for a duck. The specific epithet formosa is from the Latin formosus for "beautiful".[8]
Description
At between 39 and 43 centimetres (15 and 17 in), this duck is slightly larger and longer-tailed than the common teal. The breeding male is unmistakable, with a striking green nape, yellow and black auriculars, neck, and throat. It has a dark crown, and its breast is light brown with dark spots. It has long dropping dark scapulars, and its grey sides are set off on the front and rear with white bars.
The Baikal teal has a height from 11.75 to 15.75 inches and a weighs an average of 1 pound.
The female looks similar to a female green-winged teal but with a longer tail, and a distinctive white spot at the base of the bill and a white throat that angles to the back of the eye. She also has a distinct light eyebrow bordered by a darker crown. The underwing is similar to the Green-winged Teal also, but has a darker leading edge. The green speculum has an indistinct cinnamon-buff inner border.[9] Some "females" have "bridle" markings on their faces, but it has been suggested that at least some of these bridled "females," if not all, are in fact juvenile males.[9] The juvenile has a plumage similar to that of the female and can be distinguished from the Common Teal by the pale loral spot.
In non-breeding (eclipse) plumage, the drake looks more like the female, but plumage is a much richer reddish-brown (rufous) colour.
Distribution and habitat
It breeds within the forest zone of eastern Siberia from the Yenisey basin eastwards to Kamchatka, northern Koryak, eastern Magadan Oblast, northern Khabarovsk Krai, southeastern and northern Sakha east central Irkutsk Oblast, and northern Krasnoyarsk Krai. It is a migratory species, wintering in South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, northern and eastern China, from Beijing down the coast to the Vietnam border, and west to Yunnan then north to Chongqing and Henan.[1][10]
It breeds in pools on the tundra edge and within swampy forests. In winter it is found on lowland fresh waters.
Status
This species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, though it was classified as Vulnerable before 2011 due to hunting and destruction of its wintering wetland habitats.[1] These threats remain, but the Baikal teal is recovering, with increased numbers of wintering birds and some increase in habitat area. Based on the numbers of Baikal teal counted wintering in South Korea, the global population is estimated to be around 1.07 million individual adults around 2010, a major increase from the tens of thousands counted in the 1980s and few hundreds of thousands in the 2000s.[9][11][12]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Sibirionetta formosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22680317A92855272. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680317A92855272.en. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Georgi, Johann Gottlieb (1775). Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772 (in German). Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg: Gedruckt bey der Kaiserl. Academie der Wissenschaften. p. 168.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 464.
Gonzalez, J.; Düttmann, H.; Wink, M. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae". Journal of Zoology. 279 (3): 310–318. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x.
Boetticher, Hans von (1929). "Kritische Betrachtungen über Anatiden" (PDF). Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft Bayern. 2: 10–15 [11].
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 163, 356. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. The genus name is misprinted as Sibironetta.
Dunn, John L.; Alderfer, Jonathan (2006). National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America (5th ed.). ISBN 0-7922-5314-0.
Clements, James (2007). "The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World". Cornell University Press.
BirdLife International (2012). "Species factsheet: Anas formosa". Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
Planet Earth episode 1: "From Pole to Pole" (Television production). BBC. 3 May 2006.
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