Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Parvordo: Corvida
Superfamilia: Corvoidea
Familia: Vireonidae
Genus: Pteruthius
Species: P. aenobarbus – P. aeralatus – P. annamensis – P. flaviscapis – P. intermedius – P. melanotis – P. ripleyi – P. rufiventer –P. xanthochlorus
Species: P. aenobarbus - P. flaviscapis - P. melanotis - P. rufiventer -
Name
Pteruthius Swainson, 1832
Typus
Allotrius flaviscapis Temminck, 1836 = Pteruthius flaviscapis
References
Primary references
Swainson, W.J. Northern Zoology. Part II Aves. In: Swainson, W. & Richardson, J. 1831. Fauna boreali-americana, or, The zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part Second, The Birds. pp. 1-523. John Murray. London DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.39293 Original description p.491 BHL Reference page.
References
Reddy, S. & Cracraft, J. 2007. Old World Shrike-babblers (Pteruthius) belong with New World Vireos (Vireonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 1352–1357. Full article (PDF)Reference page.
Reddy, S. 2008. Systematics and biogeography of the shrike-babblers (Pteruthius): Species limits, molecular phylogenetics, and diversification patterns across southern Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 54–72. Full article (PDF)Reference page.
Rheindt, F.E. & Eaton, J.A. 2009: Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts. Zootaxa 2301: 29-54 Full article viewReference page.
The shrike-babblers are a group of small birds in the genus Pteruthius. They are native to the Indomalayan realm, and were traditionally placed in the family Timaliidae before molecular phylogenetic studies in 2007 found that they were best considered as belonging to the family Vireonidae which was then thought to be restricted to the New World. They were traditionally classified into five species with several subspecies but changes in the status of these species on the basis of the phylogenetic species concept suggest more forms in a cryptic species complex.[1][2] Most species are found in montane forests, with some species descending down to lower altitudes during the winter.
The shrike-babblers range in size from 11.5–20 cm in length and weigh 10-48 g. They are divergent in plumage and size but all possess a stout black hooked bill, short rictal bristles and a distinctive juvenile plumage. They all exhibit sexual dimorphism in plumage, with the males generally brighter. The song is simple and monotonous.[1]
None of the species are considered threatened by human activities.
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus was created by Swainson in 1832 based on the etymology that their wings were red. The emended spelling of Ptererythrius suggested by Strickland was used by some works but dropped as unjustified in later works.[3] The name Allotrius was used by Temminck in 1838 but Swainson's name has priority. The genus characteristics include a short bill with the culmen sharply ridged with hooked and notched tip. The nostril openings are oval and covered by some rictal bristles. The first primary is less than half the length of the second. The scales on the front of the tarsus are sometimes fused to form a long scutum.[4]
Extant species
Based on the differences established by the phylogenetic studies and on the basis of call variations, the group has been classified into nine species:[5]
Green shrike-babbler (Pteruthius xanthochlorus)
P. x. occidentalis Harington, 1913
P. x. xanthochlorus Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847
P. x. hybrida Harington, 1913
P. x. pallidus (David, 1871)
Black-eared shrike-babbler (Pteruthius melanotis)
P. m. melanotis Hodgson, 1847
P. m. tahanensis Hartert, 1902
Black-headed shrike-babbler (Pteruthius rufiventer)
P. r. rufiventer Blyth, 1842
P. r. delacouri Mayr, 1941
Himalayan shrike-babbler (Pteruthius ripleyi)
Blyth's shrike-babbler (Pteruthius aeralatus)
P. a. validirostris Koelz, 1951
P. a. ricketti Ogilvie-Grant, 1904
P. a. aeralatus Blyth, 1855
P. a. schauenseei Deignan, 1946
P. a. cameranoi Salvadori, 1879
P. a. robinsoni Chasen & Kloss, 1931
Dalat shrike-babbler (Pteruthius annamensis)
Pied shrike-babbler (Pteruthius flaviscapis)
Clicking shrike-babbler (Pteruthius intermedius)
P. i. intermedius (Hume, 1877)
P. i. aenobarbulus Koelz, 1954
Trilling shrike-babbler (Pteruthius aenobarbus)
Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Pteruthius:
Robust whistler (as Pteruthius spinicaudus)[6]
References
Reddy, Sushma (2008). "Systematics and biogeography of the shrike-babblers (Pteruthius): Species limits, molecular phylogenetics, and diversification patterns across southern Asia" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47: 54–72. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.014. PMID 18313946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-25.
Reddy, Sushma; Cracraft, Joel (2007). "Old World Shrike-babblers (Pteruthius) belong with New World Vireos (Vireonidae)" (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44: 1352–1357. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.023. PMID 17412613.
Strickland, H.E. (1841). "Commentary on Mr. G.R.Gray's 'Genera of Birds,' 1840". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7: 26–41. doi:10.1080/03745484109442660.
Gadow, Hans (1883). Catalogue of the Passeriformes or perching birds in the collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphae. Part V. London: British Museum. pp. 112–116.
Rheindt, Frank E.; Eaton, James A. (2009). "Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2301: 29–54.
"Pachycephala melanura spinicaudus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
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