Psilopsiagon aurifrons

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Psittaciformes

Familia: Psittacidae
Subfamilia: Arinae
Tribus: Arini
Genus: Psilopsiagon
Species: Psilopsiagon aurifrons
Subspecies: P. a. aurifrons – P. a. margaritae – P. a. robertsi – P. a. rubrirostris
Name

Psilopsiagon aurifrons (Lesson, 1830)

Type locality: New Zealand; corrected to Peru.

Synonyms

Psittacus (Lathamus) aurifrons (protonym)

References

Lesson, R.P. 1831. Centurie zoologique, ou, Choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus: enrichi de planches inédites, dessinées d'après nature par M. Prêtre, gravées et coloriées avec le plus grand soin. F.G. Levrault. Paris & Strasbourg. pp. i-x + 1-244, pls. 80. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.41400 BHL Reference page. p. 63, pl. 18 BHL

Vernacular names
English: Mountain Parakeet
español: Catita frentidorada

The mountain parakeet (Psilopsiagon aurifrons), also known as the golden-fronted parakeet, is a species of parrot, one of two in the genus Psilopsiagon within the family Psittacidae. It is found in the Puna grassland. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. Four subspecies are recognised.
Subspecies

There are four subspecies:[2]

P. a. aurifrons – the coast and western slopes of the Andes in central Peru
P. a. margaritae – the Andean slopes of southern Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northwestern Argentina
P. a. robertsi – the Marañón Valley in north central Peru
P. a. rubrirostris – the Andean slopes of northwestern Argentina, between Catamarca and Córdoba, and southern Chile.

Description

This small parrot reaches about 18 cm (7 in) in length and weighs about 45 g (1.6 oz). The male of the nominate subspecies, P. a. aurifrons, has a green head, mantle, back and tail. The otherwise green primary feathers have blue outer webs. The face, throat and breast are yellow gradually fading to a yellowish-green belly. The eye is brown and the bill horn-coloured. The female is similar to the male but has a yellow forehead, and the juvenile resembles the female but has a shorter tail.[3]

Both sexes of P. a. margaritae are similar to the female P. a. aurifrons but are larger with shorter tails and the colour of the female's bill is grey. P. a. rubrirostris is a similar colour to P. a. margaritae but the head, breast and belly are a rather darker shade of green tinged with blue. The male's bill is pinkish-buff and the female's grey. The male and female P. a. robertsi resemble P. a. aurifrons but the belly is a darker shade of green and the chin and throat brighter yellow.[3]
Distribution and habitat

The mountain parakeet is found in the Andes at altitudes between 1,000 and 4,500 metres (3,300 and 14,800 ft).[4] Its range includes Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. Its typical habitat is among vegetation near rivers, on bushy slopes, among scrub, on rough grassland with cacti and brush and agricultural land. It also occurs in man-made environments such as parks and gardens. The four subspecies occupy separate, non-overlapping parts of the range.[4] This species does not migrate, but the birds move to higher altitudes in summer and lower ones in winter.[5]
Biology

The mountain parakeet is a sociable bird and forages on the ground and in scrub for buds, berries and seeds of such plants as Fabiana densa, Lepidophyllum and Adesmia. Breeding takes place at different times of year in different parts of the range. A clutch of three to six eggs is laid in a hole or crevice in a rocky outcrop, cliff face or river bank.[5][6]
Status

The mountain parakeet has a very wide range and is fairly common in suitable habitat over much of that range. The IUCN has listed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Psilopsiagon aurifrons.

BirdLife International (2016). "Psilopsiagon aurifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685907A93091639. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685907A93091639.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"Mountain Parakeet (Psilopsiagon aurifrons) (Lesson, 1830)". AviBase. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
"Species Profile: Mountain parakeet". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
"Psilopsiagon aurifrons". Neotropical Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2010. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
Collar, N. (1997). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Mountain Parakeet (Psilopsiagon aurifrons)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
"Status in the Wild: Mountain parakeet". World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 2014-08-03.