Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea
Familia: Icteridae
Genus: Psarocolius
Species: Psarocolius atrovirens
Name
Psarocolius atrovirens (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)
Type locality: "in montibus bolivianis, provincia Yungasensi", yungas, Bolivia.
Synonyms
Cassicus atro-virens (protonym)
References
Primary references
d’Orbigny, A. & de Lafresnaye, F. 1838. Synopsis Avium, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnon. Magasin de zoologie 8(2):1–34, pl. 77-79. BHL Reference page. p. 1–2 BHL
Vernacular names
English: Dusky-green oropendola
Esperanto: Oliveca psarokolio
español: cacique verdioscuro
français: Cassique olivâtre
The dusky-green oropendola (Psarocolius atrovirens) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae (New World blackbirds). It is found on the eastern slope of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.
Description
The male dusky-green oropendola grows to a length of about 42 cm (17 in) and the female of about 33 cm (13 in). The sexes are similar in morphology, the plumage being mainly dark brownish-green or blackish-green, with a rufous-brown rump and crissum (the undertail coverts surrounding the cloaca). The beak is greenish-white, there may be a few yellow feathers on the head, and the iris is brown or blue, the latter colour perhaps being in older birds. The russet-backed oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons), which partly shares the same range, has more rufous upper parts, a yellow forehead and olive-green head which contrasts with its back and wings.[2]
Distribution and habitat
The dusky-green oropendola occurs on the east side of the Andes Mountains, its range extending from Huánuco Province in central Peru to Santa Cruz Department in Bolivia. It occurs in montane forests and near their edges at altitudes of between 800 and 2,600 m (2,600 and 8,500 ft) above sea level, mostly at greater elevations than the russet-backed oropendola.[2]
Ecology
The diet of this bird probably consists of insects (including moths), arthropods, small vertebrates, nectar and fruits. The breeding season is between October and December.[3] The birds breed colonially but colony sizes are small.[2][4]
Status
The dusky-green oropendola is a common species with a very wide range. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified it as being of "least concern" because, although its forest habitat is being gradually reduced, any decline in the numbers of birds is not at a sufficient rate to justify putting the bird in a more threatened category.[1]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Psarocolius atrovirens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22723988A94844025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22723988A94844025.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Ridgely, Robert S.; Tudor, Guy (2009). Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: The Passerines. University of Texas Press. p. 677. ISBN 978-0-292-71748-0.
Fraga, R. "Dusky-green Oropendola (Psarocolius atrovirens)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Ridgely, Robert S.; Guy, Tudor (1989). The Birds of South America: Volume 1: The Oscine Passerines. University of Texas Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-292-70756-6.
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