Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea
Familia: Pnoepygidae
Genus: Pnoepyga
Species: P. albiventer – P. formosana – P. immaculata – P. mutica – P. pusilla
Name
Pnoepyga Hodgson, 1844
Typus: Tesia albiventer Hodgson, 1837 = Pnoepyga albiventer
Synonyms
Microura Gould, 1837
References
Primary references
The Zoological Miscellany. [Gray, J.E.] 3 p. 82
Additional references
Gelang, M.; Cibois, A.; Pasquet, E.; Olsson, U.; Alström, P.; Ericson, P.G.P. 2009. Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification. Zoologica scripta 38: 225–236. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00374.x PDF Reference page.
Vernacular names
suomi: Töpötimalit
Pnoepyga is a genus of passerines endemic to southern and southeastern Asia. Its members are known as cupwings or wren-babblers. The genus contains four species. The genus has long been placed in the babbler family Timaliidae. A 2009 study of the DNA of the families Timaliidae and the Old World warblers (Sylviidae) found no support for the placement of the genus in either family, prompting the authors to erect a new monogeneric family, the Pnoepygidae.[2]
This genus of diminutive passerines has a mostly montane distribution in South and Southeast Asia. The scaly-breasted cupwing is found in the mountainous areas of north India eastwards to southern China and northern Vietnam. The Taiwan cupwing is endemic to Taiwan, and similarly the Nepal cupwing has a restricted distribution, mostly occurring in Nepal (and also slightly into India). The most widespread species is the pygmy cupwing, which occurs from China and India south through Southeast Asia into the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia as far as Flores and Timor.[3]
Species
The genus contains the following four species:[4]
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
.jpg/120px-Scaly-breasted_Wren-Babbler_-_Eaglenest_-_India_FJ0A9148_(33901552680).jpg) |
Scaly-breasted cupwing or scaly-breasted wren-babbler | Pnoepyga albiventer (Hodgson, 1837) | southern and eastern Asia from the Himalayas to Indochina. |
.jpg/120px-Taiwan_Wren-Babbler_-_Taiwan_S4E8523_(19551633761).jpg) |
Taiwan cupwing or Taiwan wren-babbler | Pnoepyga formosana Ingram, W, 1909 | Taiwan |
 |
Nepal cupwing or Nepal wren-babbler | Pnoepyga immaculata Martens, J & Eck, 1991 | Uttarakhand and Nepal. |
 |
Pygmy cupwing or pygmy wren-babbler | Pnoepyga pusilla Hodgson, 1845 | Himalayas to the Lesser Sunda Islands. |
References
"Pnoepygidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
Gelang, Magnus; Cibois, Alice; Pasquet, Eric; Olsson, Urban; Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G. P. (2009). "Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification". Zoologica Scripta. 38 (3): 225–236. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00374.x. S2CID 21691730.
Collar, N. J. & Robson, C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) pp. 70 - 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Cupwings, crombecs, cettiid bush warblers, Streaked Scrub Warbler, yellow flycatchers, hylias". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
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