Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Parvordo: Corvida
Superfamilia: Corvoidea
Familia: Corvidae
Genus: Pica
Species: P. asirensis – P. bottanensis – P. hudsonia – P. mauritanica – P. nuttalli – P. pica – P. serica
Name
Pica Brisson, 1760
Typus
Corvus pica Linnaeus, 1758 = Pica pica
References
Brisson, M.J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés. A laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espece, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms qu'ils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Ouvrage enrichi de figures en taille-douce. Tome I. - pp. j-xxiv [= 1-24], 1-526, j-lxxiij [= 1-73], Pl. I-XXXVII [= 1-37]. Paris. (Bauche). 30 BHL Reference page.
Song, G. et al. 2018. Complete taxon sampling of the avian genus Pica (magpies) reveals ancient relictual populations and synchronous Late-Pleistocene demographic expansion across the Northern Hemisphere. Journal of Avian Biology 2018: e01612 abstract.
Vernacular names
Boarisch: Echde Östern
Deutsch: Echte Elstern
English: Magpies
Esperanto: Pigo
español: Urraca
suomi: Harakat
français: Pie
galego: Pega
italiano: Gazza
한국어: 까치속
slovenčina: Straka
svenska: Skator
Türkçe: Saksağan
Tiếng Việt: Chi Ác là
中文: 喜鵲屬
Pica is the genus of seven species of birds in the family Corvidae in both the New World and the Old.
They have long tails and have predominantly black and white markings. One species ranges widely from Europe through Asia, one occurs in western North America, one is restricted to California, one is restricted to southwestern Saudi Arabia, and one occurs across North Africa; the last two are often considered subspecies of the Eurasian. They are usually considered closely related to the blue and green magpies of Asia, but recent research suggests their closest relatives are instead the Eurasian crows.[1]
Taxonomy
The genus Pica was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.[2][3] He derived the name by tautonymy from the specific epithet of the Eurasian magpie Corvus pica introduced by Linnaeus in 1758.[3][4] Pica is the Latin word for the Eurasian magpie.[5]
A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that the Eurasian magpie consisted of multiple species including the Maghreb magpie, the Asir magpie, the black-rumped magpie and the oriental magpie.[6]
Species
The genus contains seven species:[7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Pica pica | Eurasian magpie | Europe and Asia |
 Morocco.jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Maghreb_%28European%29_Magpie%2C_Morocco.jpg/180px-Maghreb_%28European%29_Magpie%2C_Morocco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Maghreb_%28European%29_Magpie%2C_Morocco.jpg/240px-Maghreb_%28European%29_Magpie%2C_Morocco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="1000" height="71" width="120" /> |
Pica mauritanica | Maghreb magpie | northwest Africa |
| Pica asirensis | Asir magpie | Asir Region of Saudi Arabia | |
 |
Pica bottanensis | Black-rumped magpie | central Bhutan, west-central China |
 |
Pica serica | Oriental magpie | southeastern Russia and Myanmar to eastern China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and northern Indochina |
 |
Pica hudsonia | Black-billed magpie | western half of North America |
 |
Pica nuttalli | Yellow-billed magpie | California |
Fossil species
A prehistoric species of Pica, Pica mourerae, is known from fossils found in Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary strata on Mallorca.
References
Ericson, Per G. P.; Jansén, Anna-Lee; Johansson, Ulf S.; Ekman, Jan (2005). "Inter-generic relationships of the crows, jays, magpies and allied groups (Aves: Corvidae) based on nucleotide sequence data" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology. 36: 222–234. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.03409.x.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Volume 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 30.
Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 250.
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1 (in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 106.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Song, S.; Zhang, R.; Alström, P.; Irestedt, M.; Cai, T.; Qu, Y.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Fjeldså, J.; Lei, F. (2017). "Complete taxon sampling of the avian genus Pica (magpies) reveals ancient relictual populations and synchronous Late-Pleistocene demographic expansion across the Northern Hemisphere". Journal of Avian Biology. 49 (2): jav–01612. doi:10.1111/jav.01612.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
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