Phylloscopus affinis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Phylloscopidae
Genus: Phylloscopus
Species: Phylloscopus affinis
Name

Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell, 1833)
References

The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2 p. 576

Vernacular names
suomi: Ylänköuunilintu

ickell's leaf warbler (Phylloscopus affinis) is a leaf warbler found in Asia in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Thailand.[1] The species has a yellowish underside and supercilium. Like other leaf warblers it feeds mostly on insects by gleaning and short sallies. An active bird, it prefers the canopy and low shrubbery and can be difficult to track as it moves actively from branch to branch, acrobatically exploring the underside of leaves and twigs. The clear yellowish undersides and lack of a wing bar can be used to tell it apart from similar species. It has slim dark legs with largely pale lower mandible and grayish wing panel.
Taxonomy
P. a. affinis in Nilbarahi forest Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Tickell's leaf warbler was formally described in 1833 by the English ornithologist Samuel Tickell. He coined the binomial name Motacilla offinis where offinis is an error for affinis.[2][3] Tickell's leaf warbler is now one of around 80 species placed in the genus Phylloscopus that was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1826.[4][5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek phullon meaning "leaf" and skopos meaning "seeker" (from skopeo, "to watch"). The specific epithet affinis is from Latin meaning "related" or "allied".[6]

Three subspecies are recognised:[5]

P. a. affinis (Tickell, 1833) – east Himalayas from Nepal to southeast Tibet
P. a. perflavus Martens, J, Sun & Päckert, 2008 – west Himalayas from Pakistan to north India[7]
P. a. occisinensis Martens, J, Sun & Päckert, 2008 – west-central China

The subspecies P. a. occisinensis was formerly treated as a separate species, the Alpine leaf warbler. It is now lumped with the Tickell's leaf warbler based on the results of a 2019 study that compared nuclear genomic data for the two taxa.[5][8]
Breeding

During the months of May to August the Tickell's leaf warbler creates a nest made of dry grasses and plant fibers. The bird breeds among rocks and low bushes in barren mountains.
References

BirdLife International (2017). "Phylloscopus affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22715270A118853090. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22715270A118853090.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Tickell, Samuel (1833). "List of birds collected in the jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 2 (23): 569–583 [576].
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 234–235.
Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen Familien und Gattugen". Isis von Oken (in German). 19. col. 972.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Bushtits, leaf warblers, reed warblers". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 305, 35. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Martens, J.; Sun, Y.-H.; Päckert, M. (2008). "Intraspecific differentiation of Sino-Himalayan bush-dwelling Phylloscopus leaf warblers, with description of two new taxa (P. fuscatus,P. fuligiventer, P. affinis, P. armandii, P. subaffinis)" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 58 (2): 233–265. doi:10.3897/vz.58.e30935. S2CID 257201558.
Zhang, D.; Tang, L.; Cheng, Y.; Hao, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Song, G.; Qu, Y.; Rheindt, F.E.; Alström, P.; Jia, C.; Lei, F. (2019). ""Ghost Introgression" as a cause of deep mitochondrial divergence in a bird species complex". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (11): 2375–2386. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz170. PMID 31364717.