Phylloscartes

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Tyrannida

Familia: Tyrannidae
Genus: Phylloscartes
Species: P. beckeri – P. ceciliae – P. flaviventris – P. flavovirens – P. gualaquizae – P. kronei – P. nigrifrons – P. oustaleti – P. parkeri – P. roquettei – P. superciliaris – P. sylviolus – P. ventralis – P. virescens

Species transferred to other genus: P. difficilis – P. paulista – to Pogonotriccus.
Name

Phylloscartes Cabanis & Heine, 1859

Typus: Muscicapa ventralis Temminck, 1824 = Phylloscartes ventralis

Synonyms

Leptotriccus Cabanis & Heine, 1859​ Mus.Hein p. 54 BHL

References
Primary references

Cabanis, J. & Heine, F., Sr. 1859–1860. Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt. II. Theil, die Schreivögel enthaltend. [1–2], 1–176. R. Frantz, Halberstadt. p. 52 BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.112135 Reference page.

Additional references

Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2004). Genera Phylloscartes and Pogonotriccus. Pp. 298-305 in: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, & D. A. Christie. eds (2004), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cotingas to Pittas and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-69-5
Harvey, M.G, Bravo, G.A., Claramunt, S, Cuervo, A.M., Derryberry, G.E., Battilana, J., Seeholzer, G.F., McKay, J.S., O’Meara, B.C., Faircloth, B.C., Edwards, S.V., Pérez-Emán, J.L., Moyle, R.G., Sheldon, F.H., Aleixo, A., Smith, B.T., Chesser, R.T., Silveira, L.F., Cracraft, J., Brumfield, R.T. & Derryberry, E.P. 2020. The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Science 370 no.6522: 1343–1348. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz6970 Reference page.

Phylloscartes is a genus of small birds in the family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America. They mainly feed on small arthropods, and most commonly take part in mixed species flocks. The mottled-cheeked tyrannulet is among the commonest birds in its range, but several other species are rare and threatened. Their plumage is predominantly green, yellow, white and grey, and many have contrasting facial patterns and wing-bars. They have thin, pointed bills, and relatively long tails. Most frequently cock their tail, perch relatively horizontally and are very active.

The genus Pogonotriccus has usually been merged into Phylloscartes.[2] In 2004 John Fitzpatrick in the Handbook of the Birds of the World chose to treat Pogonotriccus as a separate genus based on the slight differences in behaviour of the birds in the two genera.[3] Frank Gill and David Donsker then also recognised Pogonotriccus in the list of bird species that they maintain on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee.[4] The evidence for splitting the genus is weak: a 2009 molecular phylogenetic study that included one species from Pogonotriccus and three from Phylloscartes, found that the genetic differences were small.[5]
Species

The genus contains 16 species:[4]

Image	Common name	Scientific name	Distribution
	Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet	Phylloscartes ventralis	south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia and north-western Argentina
	Alagoas tyrannulet	Phylloscartes ceciliae	eastern Brazil
	Restinga tyrannulet	Phylloscartes kronei	Brazil
	Bahia tyrannulet	Phylloscartes beckeri	state of Bahia in eastern Brazil
	Panama tyrannulet	Phylloscartes flavovirens	Panama
	Olive-green tyrannulet	Phylloscartes virescens	Guianas of Suriname, French Guiana, and eastern Guyana, with the Essequibo River; also northeast Brazil
	Ecuadorian tyrannulet	Phylloscartes gualaquizae	Ecuador and northern Peru
	Black-fronted tyrannulet	Phylloscartes nigrifrons	southern Venezuela
	Rufous-browed tyrannulet	Phylloscartes superciliaris	Venezuela
	Rufous-lored tyrannulet	Phylloscartes flaviventris	Venezuela
	Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet	Phylloscartes parkeri	Peru and Bolivia
	Minas Gerais tyrannulet	Phylloscartes roquettei	Brazil
	Sao Paulo tyrannulet	Phylloscartes paulista	Atlantic forest
	Oustalet's tyrannulet	Phylloscartes oustaleti	Atlantic forest
	Serra do Mar tyrannulet	Phylloscartes difficilis	Atlantic forest
	Bay-ringed tyrannulet	Phylloscartes sylviolus	Atlantic forest

Conservation

Four species in this genus are endangered according to the IUCN. These are: Phylloscartes roquettei, Phylloscartes beckeri, Phylloscartes ceciliae and Phylloscartes lanyoni.
References

Cabanis, Jean; Heine, Ferdinand (1859). Museum Heineanum (in German). Vol. 2. Halberstadt: R. Frantz. p. 52.
Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 63.
Fitzpatrick, J.W. (2004). "Family Tyrannidae (Tyrant-Flycatchers)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9 : Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 170–462. ISBN 978-84-87334-69-6.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Tyrant flycatchers". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Tello, J.G.; Moyle, R.G.; Marchese, D.J.; Cracraft, J. (2009). "Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides)". Cladistics. 25 (5): 429–467. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00254.x. PMID 34879622. S2CID 85422768.