Phalcoboenus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Falconiformes

Familia: Falconidae
Subfamilia: Caracarinae
Genus: Phalcoboenus
Species: P. albogularis - P. australis - P. carunculatus - P. megalopterus

Name

Phalcoboenus Orbigny, 1834
References

Voyage dans l'Amérique meridionale (le Brazil, la Republique Argentine...Chili, Peru, &c.) pendant 1826 - 1833 par A. d'Orbigny. livr.2 pl.2

Phalcoboenus is a small genus of caracara in the family Falconidae. They are found in barren, open habitats in the Andes, Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. The four species are almost entirely allopatric. The adults are distinctive, with bare yellow, orange or red facial skin and cere, and a black plumage with variable amounts of white. Juveniles are overall brown with pale pinkish-grey facial skin and cere. They are highly opportunistic and typically seen walking on the ground, where they will feed on carrion and virtually any small animal they can catch.

The name is derived from Greek: φάλκων 'phálcōn' (hawk, falcon) and βαίνω 'baínō' (I go, I walk).[5] The original lithograph print produced for Alcide d'Orbigny is captioned "Phalcobœnus montanus" with an o-e ligature,[6] but his later text has "Phalcobænus montanus" with a-e ligature in "Phalcobaenus".[5]
Species

There are four extant and one extinct species.

The extant species are:

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Phalcoboenus carunculatus	Carunculated caracara	Ecuador and Colombia.
	Phalcoboenus megalopterus	Mountain caracara	Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Argentina
	Phalcoboenus albogularis	White-throated caracara	southern Chile and Argentina
	Phalcoboenus australis	Striated caracara	Tierra del Fuego, but is more abundant in the Falklands

The extinct species is Phalcoboenus napieri which is known from subfossil remains unearthed in peat deposits from the Falkland Islands, described in 2016 and named for Roddy Napier, the owner of West Point Island in the Falklands.[7]
References

"Falconidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
Rees, Tony (2011). "Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny, 1834". Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
Rees, Tony (2011). "Phalcobaenus d'Orbigny, 1835". Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
Heine, Ferdinand; Reichenow, Anton (1890). Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici (Nomencl. Mus. Hein.): Verzeichniss der Vogel-Sammlung des Kgl. Oberamtmanns Ferdinand Heine auf Klostergut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn. "Genus Oronertus Heine (!) [Phalcobaenus Lafr. 1837]. / 1. megalopterus (Meyen) …" Page 272. Heine senior's collection contained three specimens of O./P. megalopterus from Patagonia and Bolivia, carunculatus is not catalogued. They list Ichthyoborus, Alectromorphuus (Buteogallus), Heterospizias, Hypomorphuus, Erythrocnema, Milvago, Polyborus, Daptrius, and Ibycter as sister genera under subfamily Polyborinae.
d'Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines (1835). "Genré Phalcobène, Phalcobænis, Nob.". Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale … tome 4 part 3, Oiseaux (in French). p. 50. "De φάλκων, faucon, et de βαίνω, je marche : Faucon marcheur."
E. Traviés (pinx't), François (sculp.), Levrault (editeur), "Phalcobœnus montanus, P. … junior, et l'œufs de Polyborus chimango" in d'Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines (1847). Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale … tome 9, Atlas, Zoologie (in French). Oiseaux pl. 2.

Mark P. Adams; Robin W. Woods (2016). "Mid-Holocene Falkland Islands bird bones from a peat deposit, including a new species of caracara". Emu. doi:10.1071/MU15129

Jaramillo, Alvaro, Burke, Peter, & Beadle, David (2003). Birds of Chile. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-4688-8.