Phaenicophilus poliocephalus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Phaenicophilidae
Genus: Phaenicophilus
Species: Phaenicophilus poliocephalus
Subspecies: P. p. coryi – P. p. poliocephalus
Name

Phaenicophilus poliocephalus (Bonaparte, 1851)

Type locality: Hispaniola = Haiti.

Synonyms

Dulus poliocephalus (protonym)

References

Bonaparte, C.L. 1851. Note sur les Tangaras, leurs affinités, et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée 2(3): 129–145 BHL 168–179 BHLReference page. Original descripion p. 178 BHL

Links

IUCN: Phaenicophilus poliocephalus (Near Threatened)

Vernacular names
English: Grey-crowned Palm-tanager
español: Cuatro ojos coronigrís
فارسی: فرخنده کاکل‌خاکستری
français: Katje à couronne grise
svenska: Gråkronad sångtangara

The grey-crowned palm-tanager or grey-crowned tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus) is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Phaenicophilidae, the Hispaniolan palm-tanagers. It is endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti.[2][3][1]
Taxonomy and systematics

The grey-crowned palm-tanager shares its genus with the black-crowned palm-tanager (P. palmarum). They hybridize and have at times been considered conspecific. The genus was long included in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers, but it was moved in 2017.[4][5]

The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World assign three subspecies to the grey-crowned palm-tanager, the nominate P. p. poliocephalus, P. p. coryi, and P. p. tetraopes.[2][6] The Clements taxonomy includes tetraopes within the nominate.[3] This article follows the three-subspecies model.
Description

The grey-crowned palm-tanager is about 18 cm (7.1 in) long and weighs about 27 g (0.95 oz). The sexes are alike. The nominate subspecies has a deep gray crown and a black "mask" with white spots in front of, above, and below the eye. Its upperparts are yellow-green. Its throat is bright white and the rest of its underparts the same dark gray as the crown. Subspecies P. p. coryi is larger than the nominate and paler overall with a white streak down the center of the breast and belly. P. p. tetraopes is slightly paler than the nominate both top and bottom.[5]
Distribution and habitat

The grey-crowned palm-tanager's nominate subspecies is found on the Tiburon Peninsula of southwestern Haiti and the small island of Grande Cayemite off its northern shore. In the Dominican Republic, it is rarely found in the north and south slopes of the Sierra de Baoruco, as well as on the southern part of Loma de Toro and Hoyo de Pelempito. The subspecies P. p. tetraopes is found only on Île-à-Vache off the Tiburon Peninsula's south coast. P. p. coryi is found only on Gonâve Island in the Gulf of Gonâve north of the peninsula. The species inhabits every available forest type from dry to wet and open to dense. It also occurs tree plantations and in rural and urban gardens and parks. It is most easily viewed on the Massif de la Hotte towards the western end of the Tiburon Peninsula. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 2,400 m (7,900 ft).[5]
Behavior
Movement

The grey-crowned palm-tanager is a year-round resident throughout its range.[5]
Feeding

The grey-crowned palm-tanager forages in pairs or family groups from the forest mid-level to the canopy, and also sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Its major dietary component is small arthropods with a lesser contribution from fruit. It forages for arthropods mostly by gleaning from foliage, both living and dead.[5]
Breeding

The grey-crowned palm-tanager's breeding season is from May to July. It builds a cup nest of twigs up to about 9 m (30 ft) above ground. The clutch size is two to four eggs. After young fledge, the family stays together for several months. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.[5]
Vocalization

As of late 2022 xeno-canto had no recordings of grey-crowned palm-tanager vocalizations and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library had very few. It has "an extended melodic song" and a "peee-u" call.[5]
Status

The IUCN has assessed the grey-crowned palm-tanager as Near Threatened. It has a limited range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. Deforestation in the Dominican Republic and especially Haiti has been severe and is continuing. However, the palm-tanager is common in areas of remaining habitat.[1] "The small amount of forest left on Hispaniola is under constant pressure [but the species'] generalist habits likely buffer it to some extent from the effects of deforestation".[5]
References

BirdLife International (2020). "Grey-crowned Palm-tanager Phaenicophilus poliocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22722301A180140497. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22722301A180140497.en. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Caribbean "tanagers", Wrenthrush, Yellow-breasted Chat". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
"Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
Townsend, J. M. (2020). Gray-crowned Palm-Tanager (Phaenicophilus poliocephalus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gcptan1.01 retrieved October 9, 2022
HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022