Passerina leclancherii
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea
Familia: Cardinalidae
Genus: Passerina
Species: P. leclancherii
Subspecies: P. l. grandior – P. l. leclancherii
Name
Passerina leclancherii Lafresnaye, 1840
Type locality: Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.
References
de Lafresnaye, F. 1840. Nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux tueés et rapportées par M. Léclancher, chirurgien de la marine, embarqué sur la Vénus, dans son dernier voyage de circumnavigation. Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuviérienne 3: 259–261. BHL Reference page. p. 260 BHL
Vernacular names
English: Orange-breasted Bunting
español: Azulillo pechinaranja
The orange-breasted bunting (Passerina leclancherii) is a species of passerine bird in the family Cardinalidae. It is endemic to Mexico, where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. With its wide range and large total population, the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers it as being of "least concern".
Description
Male orange-breasted bunting in definitive alternate (breeding) plumage
The orange-breasted bunting grows to a length of about 12.5 cm (5 in) and is slightly smaller than the rose-bellied bunting (Passerina rositae), which shares its range. The adult male has a pale green crown, turquoise blue nape and upper parts, often tinged with green, and a turquoise tail. The lores, eye-ring and underparts are canary yellow, deepening to golden-orange on the breast. The adult female has greyish-green upper parts and yellow underparts.[2] The iris is dark brown, and the beak and legs are grey. The song is a rather plaintive warble, rather slower and less drawn out than that of other members of the genus.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The orange-breasted bunting is endemic to Mexico. Its range extends from the Pacific coast in southern Nayarit, Jalisco, Michoacán and Guerrero to western Chiapas, and inland to the western part of Puebla, an area of about 276,000 km2 (107,000 sq mi). It inhabits tropical dry forest and arid scrubland, thorny thickets, bushy deciduous woodland, clearings and woodland edges, at altitudes up to about 900 m (3,000 ft). It has a patchy distribution, not being present in some areas of apparently suitable habitat.[2] It is more abundant in secondary growth than in undisturbed forest.[4] The species was introduced to the Hawaiian island of Oahu in 1941 but did not become established, and was extirpated by 1952.[5]
Ecology
The birds form small groups when foraging or may forage in pairs. The diet of this species has not been studied, but in general, buntings in this genus are seed-eaters, with some fruit and invertebrates being eaten. Birds in captivity will consume white millet, hemp seed and thistle seed, as well as hard sweet apples, ant cocoons and mealworms.[2] Breeding takes place in the wet season in May and June. The nest is a cup-shaped structure formed of rootlets, grasses and dry leaves, with a softer lining and is built in a low bush or thick scrub. A clutch of three or four bluish-white or greenish-white eggs are laid.[2]
Status
This bird has a wide range and large total population. No particular threats have been identified and the population seems stable, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
References
BirdLife International (2020). "Passerina leclancherii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22723963A136770334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22723963A136770334.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Gulson, E.R.; Behrstock, R.A. (2012). "Orange-breasted bunting: Passerina leclancherii". Neotropical Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
Brewer, D.; de Juana, E. "Orange-breasted bunting: Passerina leclancherii". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
Hutto, R. (1989). The Effect of Habitat Alteration on Migratory Land Birds in a West Mexican Tropical Deciduous Forest: A Conservation Perspective. Conservation Biology. vol 3, no 2. pp. 138–148
Simberloff, D. & Boecklen, W. (1991) Patterns of Extinction in the Introduced Hawaiian Avifauna: A Reexamination of the Role of Competition. The American Naturalist. vol 138, no 2. pp. 300–327
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