Paroaria coronata , Photo: Michael Lahanas
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea
Familia: Thraupidae
Genus: Paroaria
Species: Paroaria coronata
Name
Paroaria coronata (J. F. Miller, 1776)
Type locality: No locality = Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Synonyms
Loxia coronata (protonym)
Fringilla cucullata Vieillot, 1817 Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat.nouv.ed. 12 p. 231 BHL
Paroaria cucullata Latham
References
Miller, J.F. 1776–1782. Various subjects of Natural History, wherein are delineated Birds, Animals and many curious Plants. BHL [Icones Animalium et Plantarum] 9 pp. + 54 tt.Reference page. Illustration pt.1 pl. 2 BHL
Vernacular names
العربية: كاردينال ذو عرف أحمر
български: Червенокачулат кардинал
català: Cardenal de cresta roja
Deutsch: Graukardinal
English: Red-crested Cardinal
español: Cardenilla crestada; cardenal
français: Paroare huppé
magyar: Koronás kardinális
italiano: Cardinale ciuffo rosso
日本語: コウカンチョウ
lietuvių: Raudonkuodis kardinolas
Nederlands: Roodkuifkardinaal
norsk: Gråkardinal
polski: Kardynałek czubaty
português do Brasil: Cardeal
português: Cardeal-do-sul
русский: Краснохохлая кардиналовая овсянка
svenska: rödtofsad kardinaltangara
中文: 冠紅蠟嘴鵐
Paroaria coronata (*)
The red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata) is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family Cardinalidae. It is sometimes known as the Brazilian cardinal.
Taxonomy
In 1776 the English illustrator John Frederick Miller included a hand-coloured plate of the red-crested cardinal in his Icones animalium et plantarum. He coined the binomial name Loxia coronata.[3] The type locality was subsequently designated as Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil.[4] The red-crested cardinal is now one of six species placed in the genus Paroaria that was introduced in 1832 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[5] The genus name is from Tiéguacú paroára, a name for a small yellow, red and grey bird in the extinct Tupi language. The specific epithet coronata is Latin meaning "crowned"[6]
Description
The red-crested cardinal is a medium-sized species showing a red head, with a red bib and a short red crest that the bird raises when excited. Belly, breast and undertail are white, with a gray back, wings, and tail. Wing coverts are gray, but the primaries, secondaries, and rectrices show a darker gray. Juveniles are similar to the adults, but they show a dull brownish orange head and bib.[7]
This species is very similar to a close relative, the red-cowled cardinal (P. dominicana). It is also similar to the yellow-billed cardinal (P. capitata), but the latter bird has a black throat, darker upper parts and a bright yellow bill.[7]
Distribution and habitat
This species can be found mainly in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul, southern part of the Pantanal, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.[1][7] It has also been introduced to Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Chile. In Brazil, it has been introduced to various places outside its historical range, as in the Tietê Ecological Park in São Paulo.[8]
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and heavily degraded former forest, at an elevation up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level.[1] It often occurs close to rivers, marshes and lakes.[7]
Duration: 44 seconds.0:44
Song of Red-crested cardinal
Behaviour and ecology
Food and feeding
This species mainly feed on seeds (of Chloris virgata, Eleusine tristachya, Setaria parviflora and Spergula villosa), fruits (of Celtis tala, Grabowskia duplicata, Holmbergia tweedii, Morus alba, and Sapium haematospermum), insects and small arthropods, generally searched for on the ground in pairs or small groups.[7] Average lifespan is about 3.8 years.[1]
References
BirdLife International (2018). "Paroaria coronata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22721582A132144578. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22721582A132144578.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Miller, John Frederick (1776). Icones animalium et plantarum. Various subjects of Natural History, wherein are delineated Birds, Animals and many curious Plants, &c (in Latin). London. Part 1, Plate 2. The work was published in 10 parts with 6 plates in each part. See: Sherborn, C.D.; Iredale, T. (1921). "J. F. Miller's Icones". Ibis. 11th series. 3: 302–309.
Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 213.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 293, 118. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Linn, A.; Burns, K.J.; Richart, C.H. (2020). Schulenberg, T.S. (ed.). "Red-crested Cardinal (Paroaria coronata), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
Parque Ecológico do Tietê
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
