Nothura maculosa (Information about this image)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Palaeognathae
Ordo: Tinamiformes
Familia: Tinamidae
Subfamilia: Rhynchotinae
Genus: Nothura
Species: Nothura maculosa
Subspecies: N. m. annectens – N. m. cearensis – N. m. chacoensis – N. m. maculosa – N. m. major – N. m. nigroguttata – N. m. pallida – N. m. paludivaga – N. m. submontana
Name
Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815)
Synonyms
Tinamus maculosus (protonym)
References
Primary references
Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinaces. 3 p.557,748
Additional references
Hayes, F.E., Rodríguez, O., Thalman, E.R., Castellanos, E.A. & Sterling, J. 2018. Taxonomic status of Paraguay’s only endemic bird, the Chaco Nothura Nothura chacoensis (Aves: Tinamidae). Zootaxa 4392(2): 347–360 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.7 Abstract and full text availableReference page.
Vernacular names
čeština: Tinama skvrnitá
English: Spotted Nothura
español: Inambú Común, Perdiz Común(ARG), Tinamú manchado
français: Tinamou tacheté
lietuvių: Dėmėtoji notura
Nederlands: Gevlekte nothura
português: Codorna-do-campo
svenska: Fläckig tinamo
The spotted nothura (Nothura maculosa) is a species of tinamou. This bird is native to grassy habitats in eastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and eastern and northern Argentina.[3]
Description
A small clutch of N. maculosa eggs
The spotted nothura is approximately 24 to 25.5 cm (9.4–10.0 in) in length.[4] The upper parts are brown with streaked buff. The under parts are buff streaked with black and brown on the breast, with barring to the flanks. Its crown is black streaked with buff and the throat is white. The overall hue in colour varies greatly over its range; in part caused by the differences in soil at the specific localities. It and the closely related Chaco nothura, N. chacoensis, are the only nothuras with barring to both webs of the primaries. The legs are dull yellowish-grey or brown.
Behavior
The call of the spotted nothura is a series of brief high-pitched notes.[4]
Feeding
The spotted nothura eats plants, typically seeds, and animal matter. In Argentina they seem to eat more of the animal matter then they do in other locations.[4]
Reproduction
This species can reproduce rapidly, as the female is mature within 2 months and can have five to six broods per year. The male does not mature as fast. The male will incubate the eggs and raise the chicks.[4] Like most tinamous, its eggs have a spectacular glossy porcelain-like shell. This is colored a rich maroon or chocolate brown in this species. The clutch contains 4-6 eggs.
Taxonomy
All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.[4]
Coenraad Jacob Temminck first identified the spotted nothura from a specimen from Paraguay, in 1815.[4]
Subspecies
The spotted nothura has nine currently recognized subspecies. They are not well-distinguished and almost form a cline that varies north to south according to Gloger's and Bergmann's Rules.
N. m. maculosa occurs in southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and Uruguay.[3]
N. m. major occurs in interior east central Brazil; Minas Gerais, Goiás, and Bahia States.[3]
N. m. nigroguttata occurs on the plains of south central Argentina; Rio Negro and southeastern Neuquén Provinces.[3]
N. m. cearensis occurs in northeastern Brazil; southern Ceará State.[3]
N. m. paludivaga occurs in central Paraguay and north central Argentina.[3]
N. m. annectens occurs on the moist grasslands of eastern Argentina.[3]
N. m. submontana occurs in the Andean foothills of southwestern Argentina, Neuquén, Rio Negro, and Chubut Provinces.[3]
N. m. pallida occurs in the moist chaco grasslands of northwestern Argentina.[3]
N. m. chacoensis, Chaco nothura, located in northwestern Paraguay and north central Argentina[5][6]
Range
It occurs in eastern and southern Brazil (excluding the Mata Atlântica and planalto uplands along the coast), Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.[3]
Habitat
Nothura maculosa in the National Park of Serra da Canastra - Brasil
It lives in dry savanna habitat up to 2,300 m (7,500 ft), and temperate grassland, as well as pasture land.[4][7][8]
Conservation
The IUCN list this tinamou as Least Concern,[1] even though it is avidly hunted, due to its fast reproduction rate.[4] It has an occurrence range of 3,900,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi).[8]
Footnotes
BirdLife International (2019). "Nothura maculosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T154589710A154590418. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T154589710A154590418.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Brand, S. (2008)
Clements, J. (2007)
Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, C. D. Cadena, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 1 July 2018. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 1 July 2018
South American Classification Committee (2018). "Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories, Version 1 July 2018". Retrieved 1 July 2018.
Bencke, G. (2007)
BirdLife International (2008)
References
Bencke, Glayson Ariel (2007): Avifauna atual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: aspectos biogeográficos e distribucionais ["The Recent avifauna of Rio Grande do Sul: Biogeographical and distributional aspects"]. Talk held on 2007-JUN-22 at Quaternário do RS: integrando conhecimento, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. PDF abstract
BirdLife International (2008). "Bartlett's Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
Brands, Sheila (Aug 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Nothura maculosa". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Tinamous". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 57–59, 65–66. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
Further reading
Hayes, F.E.; Rodríguez, O.; Thalman, E.R.; Castellanos, E.A.; Sterling, J. (2018). "Taxonomic status of Paraguay's only endemic bird, the Chaco Nothura Nothura chacoensis (Aves: Tinamidae)". Zootaxa. 4392 (2): 347–360. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.7. PMID 29690409.
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