Nok hualon

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Pycnonotidae
Genus: Nok
Species: Nok hualon
Name

Nok hualon (Woxvold, Duckworth & Timmins, 2009)

Holotype: BMNH 2009.1.1

Type locality: south of Ban Nonsomphou, Vilabouli district, Savannakhet province, Lao PDR.

Synonyms

Pycnonotus hualon (protonym)

References
Primary references

Woxvold, I.A.; Duckworth, J.W.; & Timmins, R.J. 2009. An unusual new bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) from the limestone karst of Lao PDR. Forktail 25: 1–12. PDF Reference page.

Additional references

Fuchs J.; Pasquet, E.; Stuart, B.L.; Woxvold, I.A.; Duckworth, J.W.; & Bowie, R.C.K.. 2018. Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare-faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon with description of a new genus. Ibis 160(3): 659–665. DOI: 10.1111/ibi.12580 Paywall Reference page.

Links

IUCN: Nok hualon (Least Concern)

Vernacular names
English: Bare-faced Bulbul
magyar: Kopasz bülbül
polski: Bilbil łysy
中文: 秃头鹎

The bare-faced bulbul (Nok hualon) is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It was newly described from central Laos in 2009. It is one of the very few Asian songbirds with a bald (featherless) face and is the first new species of bulbul to be described from Asia in almost a century.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
A sketch of bare-faced bulbul

The species epithet hualon is from the Lao word for "bald-headed". A 2018 molecular phylogenetic study of the bulbuls suggested that the species does not fit in the clade containing the core Pycnonotus and stood apart suggesting its placement in a new genus Nok from Lao language for "bird" as Nok hualon.[3]
Description

The mainly olive-green bare-faced bulbul is distinctive in having a bare pink face with blueish skin around the eyes. The two specimens so far collected were around 20 cm in length and weighed 32-40 g. The breast and belly are fawn-grey, the uppersides olive and the throat is off-white.[4] According to researchers, its call is a "dry bubbly tweet".
Habitat

The bare-faced bulbul is known only from the limestone karst region near Pha Lom in central Laos. The area is characterised by steep terrain with bare limestone and low (less than 4 m in height) deciduous trees and shrubs. It seems likely that the species is restricted entirely to this habitat, though it may occur at other sites in Laos with similar habitats. Observations of similar birds were made in 1995 at another site. Limestone karst is the habitat of several newly discovered endemic species, including the unusual Laotian rock rat.[4]
Behaviour

The bare-faced bulbul is mainly arboreal but sometimes perches on rocks on the steep hillsides. It is a conspicuous species, foraging during the day in pairs or as singles. Single birds tend to call regularly, and will link up with another before flying to a new area to forage. They have not been observed to join mixed-species feeding flocks. The breeding behaviour of this species has not yet been observed.[4]
Status and conservation

The bare-faced bulbul was assessed for the first time in 2010 by BirdLife International as of Least Concern, on the basis that the species has a large range, and there is insufficient evidence on population trend and size.[5] In the paper describing the species it was suggested that it be listed as data deficient until further surveys of likely habitat were undertaken.[4] The limestone karst in which it lives is threatened by quarrying and habitat degradation caused by overgrazing.[4]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Nok hualon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22735824A95119271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22735824A95119271.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
"Bulbuls « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
Fuchs, Jérôme; Pasquet, Eric; Stuart, Bryan L; Woxvold, Iain A; Duckworth, J. W; Bowie, Rauri C. K (2018). "Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare-faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon with description of a new genus". Ibis. 160 (3): 659. doi:10.1111/ibi.12580.
I.A. Woxvold; J.W. Duckworth & R.J. Timmins (2009). "An unusual new bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) from the limestone karst of Lao PDR" (PDF). Forktail. 25: 1–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-26.
Birdlife Species Factsheet