Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Parvordo: Corvida
Superfamilia: Corvoidea
Familia: Monarchidae
Genus: Myiagra
Species: M. albiventris - M. alecto - M. atra - M. azureocapilla - M. caledonica - M. cervinicauda - M. cyanoleuca - M. erythrops - M. ferrocyanea - †M. freycineti - M. galeata - M. hebetior - M. inquieta -M. nana - M. oceanica - M. pluto - M. rubecula - M. ruficollis - M. vanikorensis
Name
Myiagra Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
References
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1) 15(1826) p. 250
Vernacular names
suomi: Tyynenmerenmonarkit
Myiagra is a genus of passerine birds in the family Monarchidae, the monarch flycatchers, sometimes referred to as the broad-billed flycatchers or simply broadbills native to Australasia.
Taxonomy
The genus Myiagra was introduced in 1827 by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield.[1] The name combines the Ancient Greek muia meaning "a fly" and agreō meaning "to seize". Myiagros was also the name of a Greek god.[2] The type species was designated by George Robert Gray in 1840 as the leaden flycatcher.[3][4]
Species
The genus contains 22 species include one that is now extinct:[5]
Broad-billed flycatcher in Northern Territory, Australia
Oceanic flycatcher (Myiagra oceanica)
Palau flycatcher (Myiagra erythrops)
† Guam flycatcher (Myiagra freycineti) (extinct)
Pohnpei flycatcher (Myiagra pluto)
Moluccan flycatcher (Myiagra galeata)
Biak black flycatcher (Myiagra atra)
Leaden flycatcher (Myiagra rubecula)
Steel-blue flycatcher (Myiagra ferrocyanea)
Makira flycatcher (Myiagra cervinicauda)
Melanesian flycatcher (Myiagra caledonica)
Vanikoro flycatcher (Myiagra vanikorensis)
Samoan flycatcher (Myiagra albiventris)
Azure-crested flycatcher (Myiagra azureocapilla)
Chestnut-throated flycatcher (Myiagra castaneigularis)
Broad-billed flycatcher (Myiagra ruficollis)
Satin flycatcher (Myiagra cyanoleuca)
Shining flycatcher (Myiagra alecto)
Mussau flycatcher (Myiagra hebetior)[6]
Velvet flycatcher (Myiagra eichorni)[6]
Dyaul flycatcher (Myiagra cervinicolor)[6]
Paperbark flycatcher (Myiagra nana)
Restless flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta)
Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Myiagra:
Andamanen black-naped blue monarch (as Myiagra tytleri)[7]
Pale-blue monarch (as Myiagra puella)[8]
White-collared monarch (as Piezorhynchus vidua)[9]
White-collared monarch (squamulatus) (as Piezorhynchus squamulatus)[10]
White-capped monarch (as Piezorhynchus Richardsii)[11]
Description
Members of this genus are separated from other members of the family, particularly the Monarcha monarchs they resemble, by their consistent sexual dimorphism, egg patterning, and the crested heads that often lack facial patterns (a few Monarcha monarchs also lack facial patterns). Flycatchers in the genus Myiagra are small birds ranging in length from 13–20 cm in length. They have broad flattened bills adapted to catching insects. The bill is usually black, the exception being the blue-crested flycatcher of Fiji, whose bill is bright orange. The insides of their mouths are bright orange, noticeable when singing. When perched they have an upright stance. The satiny plumage of all species is sexually dichromatic, to a greater or lesser degree. Overall males tend to have dark blue or black heads, backs, wings and tails and pale bellies and rumps. Some males have red underparts, others have the dark upper plumage all over, and the slightly aberrant shining flycatchers have chestnut wings, backs and tails. The females follow a similar pattern to males but have lighter, more washed out colours. When perched the species in this genus constantly moves their closed tail, in the restless flycatcher the tail is shacked from side to side. The orange lining to their mouths is visible when they sing.
Members of this genus differ from the closely related genus Monarcha in having their crested heads often unpatterned, and the sexes being different in appearance. They have satiny plumage and perch upright, their long tails tending to move frequently. Males typically have dark blue heads and upper parts and paler underparts, and females are mostly similar in appearance to the males but their colour is more washed out and less intense. Their broad beaks are adapted to feed on insects, which they mostly catch on the wing.
Vocalizations
The calls are generally unmusical and are described as guttural, harsh and rasping.
Behaviour and ecology
The genus is adapted to feeding on insects in a manner similar to the Old World flycatchers in the family Muscicapidae. Prey is obtained by sallying from a perch to obtain flying insects or by hover-gleaning, snatching insects from the undersides of leaves while in flight.
Distribution and habitat
The genus is spread across Australasia, with some representatives in Wallacea, New Guinea, Australia, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa and Micronesia. Members of this genus occur as occasional vagrants in New Zealand and formerly occurred in Tonga and Guam.
References
Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [250–251]. The title page is dated 1826 but the article was not published until 1827.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 263. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 32.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 516.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Monarchs". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-06-04.
"Hypothymis azurea tytleri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
"Hypothymis puella - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
"Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
"Symposiachrus vidua squamulatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
"Monarcha richardsii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-06-X.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
