Motacilla citreola

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Motacillidae
Genus: Motacilla
Species: Motacilla citreola
Subspecies: M. c. calcarata – M. c. citreola
Name

Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776
Synonymy

Motacilla citrinella

References

Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3: 696.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Sitrienkwikkie
العربية: ذعرة صفراء الرأس
беларуская: Жоўтагаловая сітаўка
български: Лимонена стърчиопашка
भोजपुरी: पानी के पिलकिया
brezhoneg: Kannerez sitroñs
català: Cuereta citrina
kaszëbsczi: Cytrónowô plëszka
čeština: Konipas citronový
чӑвашла: Сарă пуçлă пăрчăкан
Cymraeg: Siglen sitraidd
Deutsch: Zitronenstelze
English: Citrine Wagtail
Esperanto: Citronmotacilo
español: Lavandera cetrina
eesti: Kuldhänilane
euskara: Buztanikara zitrino
فارسی: دم‌جنبانک سیترین
suomi: Sitruunavästäräkki
føroyskt: Mýrierla
français: Bergeronnette citrine
עברית: נחליאלי לימוני
magyar: Citrombillegető
հայերեն: Դեղնագլուխ խաղտտնիկ
日本語: キガシラセキレイ
қазақша: Сарыбас шақшақай
lietuvių: Geltongalvė kielė
latviešu: Citroncielava
മലയാളം: മഞ്ഞത്തലയൻ വാലുകുലുക്കി
монгол: Шартүрүүт цэгцгий
नेपाली: बेसारे टिकटिके
Nederlands: Citroenkwikstaart
norsk nynorsk: Sitronerle
norsk: Sitronerle
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਪੀਲਾ ਮਮੋਲਾ
polski: Pliszka cytrynowa
پنجابی: پیلا سر ممولہ
پښتو: هندواڼۍ
português: Alvéola-citrina
русский: Желтоголовая трясогузка
саха тыла: Маҥаас сылгычыай
slovenčina: Trasochvost žltohlavý
српски / srpski: Жутоглава плиска - Žutoglava pliska
svenska: Citronärla
Türkçe: Sarı başlı kuyruksallayan
удмурт: Ӵуж йыро йӧгылтӥсь
українська: Плиска жовтоголова
Tiếng Việt: Chìa vôi đầu vàng
中文: 黄头鹡鸰

The citrine wagtail (Motacilla citreola) is a small songbird in the family Motacillidae.
Etymology

The term citrine, and the specific name citreola, refers to its yellowish colouration.
Taxonomy

Its systematics, phylogeny and taxonomy are subject of considerable debate in the early 21st century. This is because this bird forms a cryptic species complex with the eastern (M. tschutschensis ) and western yellow wagtail (M. flava). Which of the many taxa in this group should properly refer to which population is unlikely to be resolved in the immediate future.[2]

Motacilla is the Latin name for the pied wagtail; although actually a diminutive of motare, " to move about", from medieval times it led to the misunderstanding of cilla as "tail". The specific citreola is Latin for "lemon yellow".[3]
Description

It is a slender, 15.5–17 cm long bird, with the long, constantly wagging tail characteristic of the genus Motacilla. The adult male in breeding plumage is basically grey or black above, with white on the remiges, and bright yellow below and on the entire head except for the black nape. In winter plumage, its yellow underparts may be diluted by white, and the head is brownish with a yellowish supercilium. Females look generally like washed-out versions of males in winter plumage.
Distribution

This species breeds in the central Palearctic in wet meadows and tundra. It migrates in winter to South Asia, often to highland areas. Its range is expanding westwards, and it is a rare but increasing vagrant to western Europe. Vagrants seem to extend the migration rather than straying en route; in Bhutan, for example, though along one of the species' migration flyways, the citrine wagtail has been recorded as an extremely rare passer-by rather than staying even for a few days or weeks.[4]
Ecology

It is an insectivorous bird of open country near water, such as wet meadows and bogs, and nests on the ground, laying 4–5 speckled eggs.

References

BirdLife International (2019). "Motacilla citreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22718379A154492004. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22718379A154492004.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Voelker, Gary (2002). "Systematics and historical biogeography of wagtails: Dispersal versus vicariance revisited" (PDF). Condor. 104 (4): 725–739. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0725:SAHBOW]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 1370694. S2CID 85844839. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 109, 261. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Inskipp, Carol; Inskipp, Tim & Sherub (2000). "The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan" (PDF). Forktail. 14: 147–162.

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