Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Parvordo: Corvida
Superfamilia: Corvoidea
Familia: Monarchidae
Genus: Monarcha
Species: M. castaneiventris – M. cinerascens – M. erythrostictus – M. frater – M. godeffroyi – M. melanopsis – M. richardsii – M. rubiensis – M. takatsukasae
Name
Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
Typus
Muscipeta carinata Swainson, 1823 = Muscicapa melanopsis Vieillot, 1818 = Monarcha melanopsis
References
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15: 254.
Vernacular names
English: Monarch
suomi: Monarkit
Monarcha is a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia and Melanesia.
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Monarcha was introduced by naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) as the type species.[1][2] The genus formerly included many more species. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 nineteen species were moved to the resurrected genus Symposiachrus and three to Carterornis.[3][4]
Extant species
The genus Monarcha contains the following nine species:[4]
Rufous monarch (Monarcha rubiensis)
Island monarch (Monarcha cinerascens)
Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis)
Black-winged monarch (Monarcha frater)
Bougainville monarch (Monarcha erythrostictus)
Chestnut-bellied monarch (Monarcha castaneiventris)
White-capped monarch (Monarcha richardsii)
Yap monarch (Monarcha godeffroyi)
Tinian monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)
Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Monarcha:
Black-naped monarch (as Monarcha azurea)[5]
Rarotonga monarch (as Monarches dimidiatus)[6]
Marquesan monarch (as Monarcha Mendozae)[7]
Black monarch (as Monarcha axillaris)[8]
Black-bibbed monarch (as Monarcha mundus)[9]
Flores monarch (as Monarcha sacerdotum)[10]
Black-chinned monarch (as Monarcha boanensis)[11]
Spectacled monarch (as Monarcha trivirgatus)[12]
Spectacled monarch (Seram) (as Monarcha nigrimentum)[13]
Spectacled monarch (bernsteinii) (as Monarcha bernsteini)[14]
Spectacled monarch (melanopterus) (as Monarcha melanoptera)[15]
Spectacled monarch (albiventris) (as Monarcha albiventris)[16]
Spectacled monarch (gouldii) (as Monarcha gouldii)[17]
White-tailed monarch (as Monarcha leucurus)[18]
White-tipped monarch (as Monarcha everetti)[19]
Kofiau monarch (as Monarcha julianae)[20]
Biak monarch (as Monarcha brehmii)[21]
Manus monarch (as Monarcha infelix)[22]
Mussau monarch (as Monarcha menckei)[23]
Black-tailed monarch (as Monarcha verticalis)[24]
Djaul monarch (as Monarcha ateralba)[25]
Solomons monarch (as Monarcha barbata)[26]
Malaita monarch (as Monarcha malaitae)[27]
Kolombangara monarch (as Monarcha browni or Monarcha kulambangrae)[28]
Kolombangara monarch (nigrotectus) (as Monarcha nigrotectus)[29]
White-collared monarch (as Monarcha vidua or Monarcha viduus)[30]
White-eared monarch (as Monarcha leucotis)[31]
White-naped monarch (as Monarcha pileatus)[32]
White-naped monarch (buruensis) (as Monarcha buruensis)[33]
Tanimbar monarch (as Monarcha castus)[34]
Golden monarch (as Monarcha chrysomela)[35]
Golden monarch (aruensis) (as Monarcha aruensis)[36]
Golden monarch (melanonotus) (as Monarcha melanonotus)[37]
Golden monarch (kordensis) (as Monarcha kordensis)[38]
Ochre-collared monarch (as Monarcha insularis)[39]
Shining flycatcher (as Monarcha alecto)[40]
Velvet flycatcher (as Monarcha hebetior)[41]
References
Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [254–255]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 500.
Filardi, C.E.; Smith, C.E. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetics of monarch flycatchers (genus Monarcha) with emphasis on Solomon Island endemics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 776–788. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.007. PMID 16291094.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Monarchs". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
Harrison, John; Worfolk, Tim (2011-01-27). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199585663.
"Pomarea dimidiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
"Pomarea mendozae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
"Symposiachrus axillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
"Symposiachrus mundus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
"Symposiachrus sacerdotum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
"Symposiachrus boanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
"Symposiachrus trivirgatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
"Symposiachrus trivirgatus nigrimentum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
"Symposiachrus trivirgatus bernsteinii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
"Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanopterus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
"Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
"Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
"Symposiachrus leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
"Symposiachrus everetti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
"Symposiachrus loricatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
"Symposiachrus brehmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
"Symposiachrus infelix - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
"Symposiachrus menckei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
"Symposiachrus verticalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
"Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
"Symposiachrus barbatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
"Symposiachrus malaitae (Malaita Monarch)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
"Symposiachrus browni - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
"Symposiachrus browni nigrotectus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
"Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
"Carterornis leucotis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
"Carterornis pileatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
"Carterornis pileatus buruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
"Carterornis castus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
"Carterornis chrysomela - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
"Carterornis chrysomela aruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
"Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
"Carterornis chrysomela kordensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
"Arses insularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
"Myiagra alecto - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
"Myiagra hebetior - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
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