Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea
Familia: Mitrospingidae
Genus: Mitrospingus
Species: Mitrospingus cassinii
Subspecies: M. c. cassinii - M. c. costaricensis
Name
Mitrospingus cassinii (Lawrence, 1861)
References
Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 p. 297
Vernacular names
English: Dusky-faced Tanager
suomi: Valkosilmätangara
français: Tangara obscur
The dusky-faced tanager (Mitrospingus cassinii) is a species of bird in the family Mitrospingidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.[2][3]
Taxonomy and systematics
The dusky-faced tanager and the three other species in family Mitrospingidae were previously placed in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. A 2013 publication detailed how they did not belong there and proposed the new family for them.[4] The North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society accepted the new placement in July 2017 and March 2019, respectively.[5][6] The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) followed suit in January 2018.[7]
The dusky-faced tanager has two subspecies, the nominate Mitrospingus cassinii cassinii and M. c. costaricensis.[2]
Canopy Lodge - El Valle, Panama
Description
The two subspecies are "very poorly differentiated." The adults are 18 to 18.5 cm (7.1 to 7.3 in) long and weigh 32 to 39 g (1.1 to 1.4 oz). Their crown and nape are mustard yellow. The face has a large black "mask". Their upper parts are lead gray. The throat is light gray transitioning to olive yellow on the breast and flanks and further to a gray-olive-yellow blend on the belly. The juvenile is similar but has less yellow on the crown and a buffy tinge to the underparts.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The dusky-faced tanager of subspecies M. c. costaricensis is found along the Caribbean coast from Costa Rica's Heredia Province south to extreme northwestern Panama. The nominate is found on both slopes of western Panama south through western Colombia to Guayas Province in Ecuador. It also occurs on the east slope of Colombia's Central Andes.[3]
The dusky-face tanager inhabits low dense shrubbery, thickets, and second growth. It is found along forest edges, gaps in forest, and along forest streams and swampy areas. In Costa Rica it generally ranges up to 300 m (980 ft) but can be found up to 600 m (2,000 ft). Its upper limit in Panama is 1,200 m (3,900 ft). In Colombia it is mostly below 800 m (2,600 ft) though it has been recorded up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft). In Ecuador it can be found as high as 800 m (2,600 ft).[3]
Behavior
Feeding
The dusky-faced tanager appears to primarily eat fruits, though it also eats insects and seeds.[3]
Breeding
The dusky-faced tanager's breeding phenology has not been thoroughly studied. Breeding or breeding-condition birds have been recorded between March and May from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. Two well-described nests were cups suspended in shrubs. The apparent clutch size is two, and nestlings were attended by at least three adults.[3]
Vocalization
The dusky-faced tanager's dawn song is "seety, seety, seety, seety, seety" [1]. They chatter all day long with "sputtering notes such as chet or chet-ut" [2].[3]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the dusky-faced tanager as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and the population appears to be stable.[1] It occurs in several protected areas.[3]
References
BirdLife International (2020). "Dusky-faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)". Retrieved January 14, 2021.
Ocampo, D. and A. Montoya (2020). Dusky-faced Tanager (Mitrospingus cassinii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.duftan1.01 retrieved May 13, 2021
Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2013). "Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds". Systematic Biology. 62: 298–320.
R. Terry Chesser, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, and Kevin Winker. "Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2017, vol. 134:751-773 retrieved July 7, 2017
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021
Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (January 2018). "IOC World Bird List (v8.1)". Retrieved February 4, 2018.
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