Limnornis curvirostris

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Furnariida
Superfamilia: Furnarioidea

Familia: Furnariidae
Genus: Limnornis
Species: Limnornis curvirostris
Name

Limnornis curvirostris Gould, 1839
References
Primary references

Gould, J. 1839. Part 3 Birds. In: The Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832-1836. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. Smith, Elder & Co. London. 1841. 156 pp., 50 tt. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.14216 BHL Reference page. Original description pt.11 p.81 BHL Illustration pl.25 BHL

References

Olson, S.L., Irestedt, M., Ericson, P.G.P. & Fjeldså, J. 2005. Independent evolution of two Darwinian marsh-dwelling ovenbirds (Furnariidae: Limnornis, Limnoctites). Ornitología Neotropical 16: 347–359. Full article (PDF). Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Curve-billed Reedhaunter
español: Pajonalera piquicurva
polski: mszarnik krzywodzioby
português do Brasil: João-da-palha
português: Junqueiro-de-bico-curvo

The curve-billed reedhaunter (Limnornis curvirostris) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics

The curve-billed reedhaunter and the superficially similar straight-billed reedhaunter (Limnoctites rectirostris) were long thought to be closely related; some authors merged Limnoctites into Limnornis. Genetic studies in the early 2000s refuted this approach by finding that the two species of genus Limnoctites were instead closely related to the spinetails of genus Cranioleuca.[3][4] The curve-billed reedhaunter is instead most closely related to the wren-like rushbird (Phleocryptes melanops).[5]

The curve-billed reedhaunter is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.[2]
Description

The curve-billed reedhaunter is 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 27 to 30 g (0.95 to 1.1 oz). It is a small furnariid whose plumage closely resembles that of some Old World reed warblers of genus Acrocephalus. It has a long and quite decurved bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults have a whitish supercilium, an ill-defined dark brown band behind the eye, lighter brown ear coverts with some thin whitish streaks, and a whitish malar area. Their crown, nape, back, rump, and uppertail coverts are rich brown; the brown is darkest on the crown and gradually becomes more rufescent to the uppertail coverts. Their wings and tail are rufescent brown. Their throat is whitish, their breast more buffy, their belly creamy buff, their flanks cinnamon-buff, and their undertail coverts a rich buff. Their iris is brown, their maxilla brown to blackish, their mandible a whitish and brownish mix, and their legs and feet grayish.[6]
Distribution and habitat

The curve-billed reedhaunter is found in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Uruguay, and in eastern Argentina's Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires provinces. It primarily inhabits freshwater marshes and also occurs in brackish ones such as coastal lagoons. Their vegetation is often dominated by the sedge Scirpus giganteus and the grass Zizaniopsis bonarinsis. It is essentially coastal, with an elevation range from sea level to only about 100 m (330 ft).[6]
Behavior
Movement

The curve-billed reedhaunter is a year-round resident throughout its range.[6]
Feeding

The curve-billed reedhaunter feeds on a variety of adult and larval arthropods that it gleans from marsh vegetation. It usually forages by itself.[6]
Breeding

The curve-billed reedhaunter is assumed to breed during the austral spring and summer, and is thought to be monogamous. It constructs a ball-shaped nest of grass, leaves, and other fibers and lines it with softer plant material. The nest has a side entrance, usually with an overhanging "awning". It attaches the nest to reeds or atop vegetation. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.[6]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Vocalization

The curve-billed reedhaunter's song is a "fast series of harsh notes that ascend and then descend in pitch, fading towards [the] end". Its call is "a hollow 'took' ".[6]
Status

The IUCN originally assessed the curve-billed reedhaunter as Near Threatened, but since 2004 has classed it as being of Least Concern. It has a limited range and an unknown population size that is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is thought to be uncommon. It occurs in several protected areas but its "[n]arrow habitat requirements appear to render it potentially vulnerable".[6]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Curve-billed Reedhaunter Limnornis curvirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22702649A93884830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22702649A93884830.en. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
Olson, S. L., M. Irestedt, P. G. P. Ericson, & J. Fjeldså. 2005. Independent evolution of two Darwinian marsh-dwelling ovenbirds (Furnariidae: Limnornis, Limnoctites). Ornitologia Neotropical 16: 347-359.
Derryberry, E.P., S. Claramunt, G. Derryberry, R.T. Chesser, J. Cracraft, A. Aleixo, J. Pérez-Emán, J.V. Remsen, Jr., and R. T. Brumfield. 2011. Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae). Evolution 65: 2973–2986.
Harvey, M.G.; et al. (2020). "The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot". Science. 370 (6522): 1343–1348. doi:10.1126/science.aaz6970. hdl:10138/329703. A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website here.

Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Curve-billed Reedhaunter (Limnornis curvirostris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cubree1.01 retrieved August 24, 2023