Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea
Familia: Icteridae
Genus: Icterus
Species: I. abeillei – I. auratus – I. auricapillus – I. bonana – I. bullockii – I. cayanensis – I. chrysater – I. croconotus – I. cucullatus – I. dominicensis – I. fuertesi – I. galbula – I. graceannae – I. graduacauda – I. gularis – I. icterus – I. jamacaii – I. laudabilis – I. leucopteryx – I. maculialatus – I. melanopsis – I. mesomelas – I. nigrogularis – I. northropi – I. oberi – I. parisorum – I. pectoralis – I. portoricensis – I. prosthemelas – I. pustulatus – I. pyrrhopterus – I. spurius – I. wagleri
Name
Icterus Brisson, 1760
Typus
Oriolus icterus Linnaeus, 1766 = Icterus icterus
References
Brisson, M.J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés. A laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espece, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms qu'ils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Ouvrage enrichi de figures en taille-douce. Tome I. - pp. j-xxiv [= 1-24], 1-526, j-lxxiij [= 1-73], Pl. I-XXXVII [= 1-37]. Paris. (Bauche). Original description p.30 BHL Reference page. Illustration pl.I fig.3 BHL Illustration pl.V fig.5 BHL Tome 2, p.85 BHL Illustration pl.VIII fig.1 BHL
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Trupiale
English: New World orioles
suomi: Turpiaalit
français: Oriole
lkt: Škelúta
lietuvių: Volungenės
русский: Трупиалы
New World orioles are a group of birds in the genus Icterus of the blackbird family. Unrelated to Old World orioles of the family Oriolidae, they are strikingly similar in size, diet, behavior, and strongly contrasting plumage, a good example of convergent evolution. As a result, the two have been given the same vernacular name.
Males are typically black and vibrant yellow or orange with white markings, females and immature birds duller. They molt annually. New World orioles are generally slender with long tails and a pointed bill. They mainly eat insects, but also enjoy nectar and fruit. The nest is a woven, elongated pouch. Species nesting in areas with cold winters are strongly migratory, while subtropical and tropical species are more sedentary.
The name "oriole" was first recorded (in the Latin form oriolus) by Albertus Magnus in about 1250, which he stated to be onomatopoeic, from the song of the European golden oriole.
One of the species in the genus, Bahama oriole, is critically endangered.
The genus Icterus was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the Venezuelan troupial as the type species.[1] The name is the Latin word for the Eurasian golden oriole.[2]
The genus name Icterus as used by classical authors, referred to a bird with yellow or green plumage. Icterus is from Greek ἴκτερος (íkteros, “jaundice”); the ictērus was a bird the sight of which was believed to cure jaundice, perhaps the Eurasian golden oriole.[3] Brisson re-applied the name to the New World birds because of their similarity in appearance.[4]
Species list
The genus contains 33 extant species.[5]
Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Scott's Oriole (Icterus parisorum) (14083421122).jpg Scott's oriole Icterus parisorum Southwestern United States and south to Baja California Sur and central Mexico.
Icterus chrysater Turpial montañero Yellow-backed Oriole (14868781704).jpg Yellow-backed oriole Icterus chrysater Belize, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela.
Audubon's Oriole National Butterfly Center Mission TX 2018-03-04 15-14-28-2 (39971535194).jpg Audubon's oriole Icterus graduacauda westernmost range extends from Nayarit south to southern Oaxaca, whereas the eastern range stretches from the lower Rio Grande valley to northern Querétaro
Icterus leucopteryx -San Andres, Archipelago of San Andres, Colombia -juvenile-8.jpg Jamaican oriole Icterus leucopteryx Jamaica and on the Colombian island of San Andrés
Icterus auratus 60726713.jpg Orange oriole Icterus auratus the Yucatán Peninsula and far northern Belize
Altamira Oriole National Butterfly Center Mission TX 2018-03-12 08-38-00 (39174878290).jpg Altamira oriole Icterus gularis subtropical lowlands of the Mexican Gulf Coast and northern Central America, the Pacific coast and inland
Icterus nigrogularis Turpial amarillo Yellow Oriole (8495625798).jpg Yellow oriole Icterus nigrogularis northern South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas and parts of northern Brazil, (northern Roraima state, and eastern Amapá)
Bullock's Oriole.jpg Bullock's oriole Icterus bullockii as far north as British Columbia in Canada and as far south as Sonora or Durango in Mexico
Icterus pustulatus 1.jpg Streak-backed oriole Icterus pustulatus Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and an occasional visitor to the Southwestern United States
Icterus abeillei 60979467.jpg Black-backed oriole Icterus abeillei Mexico.
Baltimore Oriole- dorsum.jpg Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula Canadian Prairies and eastern Montana in the northwest eastward through southern Ontario, southern Quebec and New Brunswick and south through the eastern United States to central Mississippi and Alabama and northern Georgia.
Icterus mesomelas.jpg Yellow-tailed oriole Icterus mesomelas southern Mexico to western Peru and northwestern Venezuela
Icterus pectoralis-- the Spot-breasted Oriole (24184797909).jpg Spot-breasted oriole Icterus pectoralis Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
White Edged Oriole RWD2.jpg White-edged oriole Icterus graceannae Ecuador and Peru.
Corrupião - Icterus jamacai.JPG Campo troupial Icterus jamacaii northeastern Brazil
Curacao-Icterus-Icterus-2013.JPG Venezuelan troupial Icterus icterus Colombia, Venezuela, and the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, and Puerto Rico.
Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus) (28557678726).jpg Orange-backed troupial Icterus croconotus Guyana, Brazil, Paraguay, and eastern Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru
Bar-winged Oriole - Chiapas - Mexico S4E7324 (23521447649).jpg Bar-winged oriole Icterus maculialatus El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.
Black-vented Oriole (Icterus wagleri) (8079398668).jpg Black-vented oriole Icterus wagleri El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States.
Hooded Oriole (34135625394).jpg Hooded oriole Icterus cucullatus Baja California Sur, the Mexican east coast, and Belize.
Black-cowled Oriole.jpg Black-cowled oriole Icterus prosthemelas eastern half of mainland Central America.
Orchard Oriole by Dan Pancamo 2.jpg Orchard oriole Icterus spurius United States, Mexico
Cuban Oriole .cu (3).jpg Cuban oriole Icterus melanopsis island of Cuba and the neighboring Isla de la juventud
Bahama Oriole.jpg Bahama oriole Icterus northropi the Bahamas.
Martinique oriole Icterus bonana Martinique, French West Indies
Icterus portoricensis imported from iNaturalist photo 6037125 on 4 September 2019.jpg Puerto Rican oriole Icterus portoricensis Puerto Rico
Icterus oberi -London Zoo, England-8a.jpg Montserrat oriole Icterus oberi Lesser Antilles of the West Indies,
Saint Lucia oriole Icterus laudabilis main island of St. Lucia
Icterus dominicensis.jpg Hispaniolan oriole Icterus dominicensis Hispaniola.
Orange-crowned Oriole - Darién - Panama (48444344772).jpg Orange-crowned oriole Icterus auricapillus eastern Panama, Colombia and Venezuela.
Encontro (Icterus pyrrhopterus) (17772698624).jpg Variable oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Epaulet Oriole - Pantanal - Brazil H8O1352 (23781001732).jpg Epaulet oriole Icterus cayanensis Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname.
One extinct species, the Talara troupial (Icterus turmalis), is known from fossil remains recovered from the Talara Tar Seeps of northwestern Peru, and likely went extinct during the late Quaternary. It may have been a close associate of Pleistocene megafauna communities, and may have gone extinct following their collapse in populations.[6]
References
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1 p. 30, Vol. 2 p. 85.
Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
ictĕrus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Newton, Alfred (1911). "Icterus" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
Steadman, David W.; Oswald, Jessica A. (July 2020). "New species of troupial (Icterus) and cowbird (Molothrus) from ice-age Peru". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 132 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1676/1559-4491-132.1.91. ISSN 1559-4491.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
