Himantopus himantopus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Charadrii

Familia: Recurvirostridae
Genus: Himantopus
Species: Himantopus himantopus
Subspecies: H. h. himantopus - H. h. meridionalis
Name

Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Original combination: Charadrius himantopus

References

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 151. Reference page.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Rooipootelsie
العربية: الكرسوع
asturianu: Cigoñina
azərbaycanca: Çaydaq cüllütü
башҡортса: Оҙонаяҡ сәпсәү
беларуская: Хадулачнік
български: Кокилобегач
brezhoneg: Skaseg kof gwenn
català: Camallarga
čeština: Pisila čáponohá
Cymraeg: Hirgoes
dansk: Stylteløber
Deutsch: Stelzenläufer
ދިވެހިބަސް: ތޭރަވާ އިލޮޅި
Ελληνικά: Καλαμοκαννάς
English: Black-winged Stilt
Esperanto: Komuna himantopo
español: Cigüeñuela común
eesti: Karkjalg
euskara: Zankaluze, zankaluzea
suomi: Pitkäjalka
français: Échasse blanche
Frysk: Steltklút
Gaeilge: Scodalach dubheiteach
Gàidhlig: Luigneach
galego: Pernalonga
Gaelg: Lurgagh
עברית: תמירון
हिन्दी: Pavazha kaal ullan
hrvatski: Crvenonoga vlastelica
magyar: Gólyatöcs
հայերեն: Ոտնացուպիկ
Bahasa Indonesia: Burung Gagang-bayang Belang
íslenska: Háleggur
italiano: Cavaliere d'Italia
日本語: セイタカシギ
ქართული: ოჩოფეხა
қазақша: Қызылсирақ балшықшы
한국어: 장다리물떼새
lietuvių: Kojūkas
latviešu: Garstilbis
Malagasy: Tafaly, Takapaly, Tsakaranta
Māori: Poaka
македонски: Долгонога шљука, Црвенонога сабјарка
മലയാളം: പവിഴക്കാലി
монгол: Хилэн жигүүрт / ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Kedidi Kaki Panjang
Malti: Fras-servjent
Nederlands: Steltkluut
norsk: Stylteløper
polski: Szczudłak zwyczajny
پنجابی: کالے پراں آلا سٹلٹ
português do Brasil: pernilongo-de-costas-negras
português: Pernilongo
rumantsch: Gambun pitschen
română: Piciorong
русский: Ходулочник
sardu: Zurruleu
slovenčina: Šišila bocianovítá
slovenščina: Polojnik
shqip: Kalorësi
српски / srpski: Vlastelica / Властелица
svenska: Styltlöpare
Kiswahili: Msese Milonjo
தமிழ்: பவளக்கால் உள்ளான்
ไทย: นกตีนเทียน
Türkçe: Bayağı uzunbacak
українська: Кулик-довгоніг
vèneto: Ganbeton
Tiếng Việt: Cà kheo, Chim Cà kheo
粵語: 黑翅長腳鷸
中文: 黑翅长脚鹬

The black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) is a widely distributed very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family (Recurvirostridae). The scientific name H. himantopus is sometimes applied to a single, almost cosmopolitan species. Alternatively, it is restricted to the form that is widespread in Europe, Asia and Africa, which equals the nominate group of Himantopus himantopus sensu lato (whereas the black-necked, H. mexicanus, and white-backed stilt, H. melanurus, both inhabit the Americas, and the pied stilt, H. leucocephalus, inhabit southeast Asia to Australia and New Zealand). Most sources today accept 1–4 species.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The scientific name Himantopus comes from the Greek meaning "strap foot" or "thong foot".[7]

Description

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Adults are 33–36 cm (13–14 in) long. They have long pink legs, a long thin black bill and are blackish above and white below, with a white head and neck with a varying amount of black. Males have a black back, often with greenish gloss. Females' backs have a brown hue, contrasting with the black remiges. In the populations that have the top of the head normally white at least in winter, females tend to have less black on head and neck all year round, while males often have much black, particularly in summer. This difference is not clear-cut, however, and males usually get all-white heads in winter.

Immature birds are grey instead of black and have a markedly sandy hue on the wings, with light feather fringes appearing as a whitish line in flight.

Taxonomy and systematics

The taxonomy of this bird is still somewhat contentious. It is one of four distinct species which sometimes are considered subspecies of H. himantopus. H. himantopus sensu lato, is made up of one species and 5–7 subspecies, and is sometimes referred to as common stilt. The name black-winged stilt refers to H. himantopus sensu stricto, with two subspecies H.h. himantopus from the Palearctic and southern Asia, and H.h. meridionalis from the Afrotropical region.[8]
Ecology and status

The breeding habitat of all these stilts is marshes, shallow lakes and ponds. Some populations are migratory and move to the ocean coasts in winter; those in warmer regions are generally resident or short-range vagrants. In Europe, the black-winged stilt is a regular spring overshoot vagrant north of its normal range, occasionally remaining to breed in northern European countries. Pairs successfully bred in Britain in 1987,[9] and after a 27-year hiatus there were two instances of successful breeding in Southern England in 2014.[10] 13 young were fledged in southern England in 2017.[11] Four chicks were successfully fledged in northern England in 2022; this is believed to be the most northerly breeding success for the black-winged stilt.[12][13]

These birds pick up their food from sand or water. They eat mainly insects and crustaceans.

The nest site is a bare spot on the ground near water. These birds often nest in small groups, sometimes with avocets.

The black-winged stilt is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies.

References

BirdLife International (2019). "Himantopus himantopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22727969A155440465. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22727969A155440465.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
BirdLife International (2008b). "Himantopus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008b. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
BirdLife International (2008c). "Himantopus mexicanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008c. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
"Species factsheet: Black-necked Stilt". BirdLife International (BLI). 2008d. Retrieved 24 September 2008.
"Species factsheet: Black-winged Stilt". BirdLife International (BLI). 2008e. Retrieved 24 September 2008.
"Species factsheet: White-headed Stilt". BirdLife International (BLI). 2008f. Retrieved 24 September 2008.
Jobling, James (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Helm. p. 191.
"Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Avibase. Denis Lepage. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
Boyd, Bill (1987). "The Black-winged Stilts at Holme Norfolk Naturalists' Trust reserve". Twitching. 1 (6): 148–150.
RSPB. "27-year first as rare black-winged stilt chicks hatch at RSPB reserves in southern England". RSPB Website. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
"UK's rare black-winged stilt numbers soar". Countryfile Magazine. BBC. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-61826871. Retrieved 11 August 2022.

https://www.birdguides.com/articles/review-of-the-week/review-of-the-week-13-19-june-2022/. Retrieved 11 August 2022.

Further reading
Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1986). Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-60237-8.

List of Cyprus birds