Euphonia affinis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Fringillidae
Subfamilia: Euphoniinae
Genus: Euphonia
Species: Euphonia affinis
Subspecies: E. a. affinis – E. a. olmecorum
Name

Euphonia affinis (Lesson, 1842)
Synonyms

Tanagra (Euphonia) affinis (protonym)

References
Primary references

Lesson, R.P. 1842. Species avium novae aut minus cognitae, in itinere A. Lessonio colletae. Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne 5: 174–175. BHL Reference page. p. 175 BHL

Additional references

Vázquez-López, M., Morrone, J.J., Ramírez-Barrera, S.M., López-López, A., Robles-Bello, S.M. & Hernández-Baños, B.E. 2020. Multilocus, phenotypic, behavioral, and ecological niche analyses provide evidence for two species within Euphonia affinis (Aves, Fringillidae). ZooKeys, 952: 129–157. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.952.51785 Open access Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Scrub Euphonia
español: Eufonia Matorralera

The scrub euphonia (Euphonia affinis) is a species of bird in the family Fringillidae.
Taxonomy

Euphonia affinis is divided into several subspecies. The species E. godmani of the Pacific coast of central Mexico is now considered to be a full species, West Mexican euphonia (Euphonia godmani).[2]
Description
Female (left) and male (right)

Both sexes have a thin, fine bill, smaller than that of other euphonias. Legs and eyes are dark. The male is bright yellow below and black above, with a small yellow spot on the forecrown. The crissum is white. Females have a grey head, dusky olive upperparts, buff-grey underparts, and white belly and crissum.[3]
Breeding

Its nest is a globular structure with a side entrance, placed in tangles of vegetation or another protected place. The eggs number 2-5 and are whitish with brown speckles.[4]
Distribution and habitat

The scrub euphonia ranges on both coasts of Mexico, south from the states Sonora and Nuevo Leon, and much of the country east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, including the Yucatan Peninsula. It is found throughout Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua and along the Atlantic and Central and Northern Pacific coastal lowlands in Costa Rica.[5] It can be found in areas of secondary growth, stands of trees, agricultural areas and gardens and other human-disturbed areas.
Behaviour

The scrub euphonia is frequently found in association with yellow-throated euphonias, as well as in mixed species feeding flocks. It consumes much fruit, being particularly attracted by mistletoe berries.
Vocalizations

This is a vocal species. Its calls include a bright dwee dwee dwee, a plaintive syeeu syeeu and a twittering flight call, slip slip. Their songs are variable, including si chi-chi-chi-si and a liquid, twittering warble.[6]
Threats

This bird is widespread and evaluated as least concern by the IUCN. It can adapt to human-altered environments and is a common bird throughout its large range.
References

BirdLife International (2020). "Euphonia affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22722700A137413838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22722700A137413838.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Edwards, Ernest Preston The Birds of Mexico and Adjacent Areas, University of Texas Press: Austin. 1998, pl. 166
Howell, Steve and Sophie Webb, A Guide to the Birds of Mexico & Northern Central America, Oxford University Press: Oxford. 1995, p. 56
Howell, Steve and Sophie Webb, A Guide to the Birds of Mexico & Northern Central America, Oxford University Press: Oxford. 1995, p. 666
van Perlo, Ber, Birds of Mexico & Central America, Princeton University Press: Princeton. 2006, p. 297
Howell, Steve and Sophie Webb,A Guide to the Birds of Mexico & Northern Central America, Oxford University Press: Oxford. 1995, p. 666