Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Ordo: Apodiformes
Familia: Trochilidae
Subfamilia: Trochilinae
Genus: Eriocnemis
Species: E. alinae – E. cupreoventris – E. derbyi – E. glaucopoides – E. godini – E. isabellae – E. luciani – E. mirabilis – E. mosquera – E. nigrivestis – E. sapphiropygia – E. vestitus
Name
Eriocnemis Reichenbach, 1849
Type species: Eriopus simplex Gould = Trochilus cupreoventris Fraser
Etymology
In greek εριον erion – wool; κνημις knēmis, κνημιδος knēmidos – boot, legging.
Synonyms
Eriocnemys Bonaparte, 1854
Pholoe Mulsant, 1876
Euryocnemis Bouvier, 1877
References
Primary references
Reichenbach, H.G.L. 1850. Avium systema naturale. Das natürliche system der vögel mit hundert tafeln grösstentheils original-abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen formen. Vorlaüfer einer iconographie der arten der vögel aller welttheile. Dresden und Leipzig: Expedition der vollständigsten naturgeschichte, p. xl
Bonaparte, C.L. 1854. Conspectus Systematis Ornithologie. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Quatrième Série. 1: 137
Mulsant, É. 1876. Catalogue des oiseaux-mouches ou colibris. Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 22: 218, 1876
Bouvier, E.L. 1877. Faune ornithologique de Kessang (presqu'ile de ivialacca). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France,2: 296
Other references
Jobling, J.A. (2016). Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2016). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from www.hbw.com).
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Wollhöschen
English: Puffleg
Eriocnemis is a genus of hummingbirds, which - together with the species in the genus Haplophaedia - are known as pufflegs. They occur in humid forest, woodland and shrub at altitudes of 1000 to 4800 m. asl in the Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. The males have a colourful green, coppery or blue plumage, and the females are generally somewhat duller. The most striking feature of both sexes in the genus Eriocnemis are their dense snow-white leg-puffs which consist of feather tufts that resemble woolly panties. One species, the black-thighed puffleg - is characterized by black coloured leg-puffs. Most have a contrasting blue, purple or coppery-red vent, but this is green in the black-thighed and emerald-bellied puffleg. Further common features of all species are the straight black bill and the slightly to deeply forked tail. The genus name was coined by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach who called them Snowy panties.
While most members of this genus remain fairly common, three species (colorful puffleg, black-breasted puffleg and gorgeted puffleg) are critically endangered and one (the turquoise-throated puffleg) is possibly extinct.
Species
The genus contains 11 species:[1]
Black-breasted puffleg, Eriocnemis nigrivestis
Gorgeted puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae
Glowing puffleg, Eriocnemis vestita
Black-thighed puffleg, Eriocnemis derbyi
Turquoise-throated puffleg, Eriocnemis godini - possibly extinct (20th century?)
Coppery-bellied puffleg, Eriocnemis cupreoventris
Sapphire-vented puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani
Coppery-naped puffleg, Eriocnemis (luciani) sapphiropygia
Golden-breasted puffleg, Eriocnemis mosquera
Blue-capped puffleg, Eriocnemis glaucopoides
Colorful puffleg, Eriocnemis mirabilis
Emerald-bellied puffleg, Eriocnemis aline
In addition there were the controversial species: Eriocnemis söderströmi, E. isaacsoni and E. dyselius which were each only known by one specimen. In the case of E. söderströmi it could have been either the female of E. godini or a hybrid between E. luciani and E. nigrivestris. E. dyselius was nothing more than a melanistic individual of E. cupreoventris. Today these species are considered invalid.
References
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
Heynen, I. (1999). Genus Eriocnemis. pp. 639–641 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (1999). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-25-3
Systematics and biogeography of the Andean genus Eriocnemis (Aves: Trochilidae) (Abstract)
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