Emberiza schoeniclus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Emberizidae
Genus: Emberiza
Species: Emberiza schoeniclus
Subspecies: E. s. canetti – E. s. caspia – E. s. centralasiae – E. s. harterti – E. s. incognita – E. s. intermedia – E. s. korejewi – E. s. lusitanica – E. s. pallidior – E. s. parvirostris – E. s. passerina – E. s. pyrrhulina – E. s. pyrrhuloides – E. s. reiseri – E. s. schoeniclus – E. s. steinbacheri – E. s. stresemanni – E. s. tschusii – E. s. ukrainae – E. s. witherbyi – E. s. zaidamensis
Name

Emberiza schoeniclus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms

Fringilla schoeniclus (protonym)

References

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 182. Open access Reference page.

Vernacular names
العربية: درسة الغاب
башҡортса: Ҡамыш турғайы
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Стрынатка-чаротаўка
български: Тръстикова овесарка
brezhoneg: Brean-korz
català: Repicatalons
čeština: Strnad rákosní
Cymraeg: Bras y Cyrs
dansk: Rørspurv
Deutsch: Rohrammer
English: Common Reed Bunting
Esperanto: Kanemberizo
español: Escribano palustre
eesti: Rootsiitsitaja
euskara: Zingira-berdantza
suomi: Pajusirkku
føroyskt: Sevspurvur
Nordfriisk: Raidsparag
français: Bruant des roseaux
galego: Escribenta das canaveiras
hrvatski: Močvarna strnadica
magyar: Nádi sármány
հայերեն: Դրախտապան եղեգնուտի
italiano: Migliarino di palude
日本語: オオジュリン
lietuvių: Nendrinė starta
монгол: Цагаанхүзүүт хөмрөг
Nederlands: Rietgors
norsk nynorsk: Sivsporv
norsk: Sivspurv
polski: Potrzos zwyczajny
português: Escrevedeira-dos-caniços
русский: Тростниковая овсянка
српски / srpski: Барска стрнадица (Barska strnadica)
svenska: Sävsparv
Türkçe: Bataklık kiraz kuşu
vèneto: Pionza
中文: 芦鹀

The common reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. The genus name Emberiza is from Old German Embritz, a bunting. The specific schoeniclus is from Ancient Greek skhoiniklos, a now unknown waterside bird.[3]

It breeds across Europe and much of the Palearctic. Most birds migrate south in winter, but those in the milder south and west of the range are resident. It is common in reedbeds and also breeds in drier open areas such as moorland and cultivation. For example, it is a component of the purple moor grass and rush pastures, a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe.
Taxonomy

The common reed bunting was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Fringilla schoeniclus.[2] This bunting is now placed in the genus Emberiza that Linnaeus had introduced in the same edition of his Systema Naturae.[4][5] The specific epithet schoeniclus is from the Ancient Greek skhoiniklos, a word that was used by Greek authors for an unidentified bird.[6] Linnaeus specified the type locality as Europe but this is now restricted to Sweden.[7] Nineteen subspecies are recognised.[5]

The bird family Emberizidae contains around 300 seed-eating species, the majority of which are found in the Americas, although the genus Emberiza, with more than 40 members, is confined to the Old World.[8] Within its genus, the reed bunting is most closely related to the Japanese reed bunting and the Pallas's reed bunting, which are sometimes classified as being in the genus Schoeniclus.
Subspecies

Nineteen subspecies are recognised, including- E. s. schoeniclus, the nominate subspecies, which occurs in most of Europe, E. s. witherbyi which is found in south Portugal, western Spain,France and Sardinia, E. s. intermedia from Italy and the Adriatic coast to northwest Albania, E. s. reiseri from southeast Albania, northwest Greece, south North Macedonia and west and central Turkey, E. s. caspia from east Turkey and northwest Iran, E. s. korejewi from southwest and eastern Iran and south Turkmenistan, E. s. pyrrhuloides from north Caspian sea region to western Mongolia, southeast Kazakhstan and central Tien Shan, E. s. passerina from northwest Siberia, wintering in south Asia, E. s. parvirostris from central Siberia wintering in northern China, E. s. pyrrhulina from Kamchatka and northern Japan, wintering in central Japan, Korea and eastern China, E. s. pallidior from southwestern Siberia wintering in southwest Asia, E. s. minor from Russian Far East and northeast China, wintering in east China, E. s. ukrainae from Ukraine and adjacent areas of Russia, E. s. incognita from southeastern European Russia to north Kazakhstan and E. s. zaidamensis, endemic to northwest Qinghai, China.
Description

The common reed bunting is a medium-sized bird, 13.5–15.5 cm (5.3–6.1 in) long, with a small but sturdy seed-eater's bill. The male has a black head and throat, white neck collar and underparts, and a heavily streaked brown back. The female is much duller, with a streaked brown head, and is more streaked below. The song of the male is a repetitive srip.
Behaviour

Its natural food consists of insects when feeding young, and otherwise seeds.
Breeding

Breeding normally starts in early April, finishing in late August depending on location and altitude. The species is monogamous[citation needed]. The nest is built using twigs, grass and reeds lined with finer materials such as hair, moss and rootlets in a bush or reed tussock. 4–5 olive-grey eggs are laid, which show the hair-like markings characteristic of those of buntings. The incubation period is 12–15 days where the chicks are fed by both parents.[9]
Status

The reed bunting is not globally threatened and classified as least concern by the IUCN.[1] The estimated European population is at least 4.8 million pairs, with particular strongholds in Sweden, Poland and Norway. However, the reed bunting is reportedly declining in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Germany.


References

BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Emberiza schoeniclus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22721012A155430396. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22721012A155430396.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 182.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 145, 350. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 176.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2023). "Buntings". IOC World Bird List. v13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 350. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 13.
Hoyo, Josep del; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A (eds.). "Emberizidae". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.emberi2.01. S2CID 216412784. Retrieved 13 April 2014. (subscription required)
Copete, J.L; Christie, D.A. "Reed Bunting". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.reebun.01.1. Retrieved 8 May 2020.