Ducula bicolor, Photo: Michael Lahanas
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Columbimorphae
Ordo: Columbiformes
Familia: Columbidae
Subfamilia: Ptilinopinae
Genus: Ducula
Species: Ducula bicolor
Name
Ducula bicolor (Scopoli, 1786)
Synonymy
Columba bicolor (protonym)
References
Deliciae florae faunae insubricae 2: 94 #97.
Vernacular names
català: Colom imperial bicolor
čeština: Holub dvoubarvý
dansk: Broget Kejserdue
Deutsch: Zweifarben-Fruchttaube
English: Pied Imperial Pigeon
Esperanto: Dukolora imperia kolombo
español: Dúcula bicolor
eesti: Valge-keisertuvi
suomi: Valkokeisarikyyhky
français: Carpophage blanc
magyar: Kétszínű gyümölcsgalamb
Bahasa Indonesia: Pergam Laut
italiano: Piccione imperiale bianconero
日本語: ソデグロバト
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Pergam Rawa
Nederlands: Bonte Muskaatduif
norsk: Krittkeiserdue
polski: Muszkatela dwubarwna
русский: Двуцветный плодоядный голубь
svenska: Svartvit kejsarduva
ไทย: นกลุมพูขาว
The pied imperial pigeon (Ducula bicolor) is a relatively large, pied species of pigeon. It is found in forest, woodland, mangrove, plantations and scrub in Southeast Asia, ranging from Myanmar and Thailand, throughout Indonesia and east to the Philippines (where it is locally called as camasu and balud-puti)[2] and the Bird's Head Peninsula in New Guinea. It is mainly found on small islands and in coastal regions.[3] It remains locally common, and is therefore considered to be of least concern by BirdLife International and IUCN.[1]
Taxonomy
Pied imperial pigeon at the National Aviary. Notice the lack of black spotting to the undertail coverts.
Its taxonomy is confusing and remains unsettled. It has sometimes included the Torresian, yellowish and silver-tipped imperial pigeons as subspecies.[3] The widespread nominate subspecies of the pied imperial pigeon differs from all these by its plain white thighs and undertail coverts (though often with a dark spot at the very tip), and its narrowly dark-tipped bluish bill. For comparison, the other species' have black-spotted undertail coverts and thighs (spotting mainly near thighs in silver-tipped imperial pigeon), the bill of the Torresian imperial pigeon is greenish-yellow, and the bills of the yellowish and silver-tipped imperial pigeons are bluish at the base and yellowish at the tip. Furthermore, the yellowish imperial pigeon has a distinctive yellowish tinge to its plumage[3] (some pied imperial pigeons may also appear yellowish, but infrequently to the same extent), and the silver-tipped imperial pigeon has silvery-grey remiges.[4] However, the taxon melanura of the Moluccas, which usually is considered a subspecies of the pied imperial pigeon, resembles the Torresian imperial pigeon in bill, thighs and undertail coverts, but has a significantly broader black tail-tip.[4] Consequently, some have suggested it should be placed under the Torresian imperial pigeon, while others have suggested it should be considered an entirely separate species, D. melanura[4] (for which the name black imperial pigeon has been used – an unfortunate choice, as only the tail has significantly more black than the other members of this group, and the name black imperial pigeon usually has been used for D. melanochroa).[5] Yet others have considered melanura to be invalid, instead believing it only is a morph of D. b. bicolor, as both types can be found on some islands.[4]
References
BirdLife International (2020). "Ducula bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22691799A181754396. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22691799A181754396.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Kennedy, Robert (2000-09-21). A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780198546689.
Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, & H. M. Horblit (1997). Family Columbidae (Pigeons and Dovexs). pp. 60-243 in: del Hoya, J., A. Elliott, & J. Sargatal. eds. (1997). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Sangrouse to Cuckoos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-22-9
Coates, B. J., & K. D. Bishop (1997). A Guide to the Birds of Wallacea. Dove Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 0-9590257-3-1
Gill, F., M. Wright, & D. Donsker (2009). IOC World Bird Names. Version 2.1. Accessed 03-07-2009
Grimmett, Birds of India, Inskipp and Inskipp, ISBN 0-691-04910-6
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