Dicrurus aeneus (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Corvida
Superfamilia: Corvoidea
Familia: Dicruridae
Genus: Dicrurus
Species: Dicrurus aeneus
Subspecies: D. a. aeneus – D. a. braunianus – D. a. malayensis
Name
Dicrurus aeneus Vieillot, 1817
References
Vieillot, L.P. 1817. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Avec des figures tirées des trois règnes de la nature. Tome 9. 624 pp. + 7 tt. Déterville, Paris. p. 586 BHL Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Bronzed Drongo
español: Drongo bronceado
Nederlands: Bronsdrongo
The bronzed drongo (Dicrurus aeneus) is a small Indomalayan bird belonging to the drongo group. They are resident in the forests of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. They capture insects flying in the shade of the forest canopy by making aerial sallies from their perches. They are very similar to the other drongos of the region but are somewhat smaller and compact with differences in the fork depth and the patterns of gloss on their feathers.
Description
This drongo is somewhat smaller than the black drongo and has more metallic gloss with a spangled appearance on the head, neck and breast. The lores are velvety and the ear coverts are duller. The tail is slender and well forked with the outer tail feathers flaring outward slightly. Immatures have their axillaries tipped in white.[2] The young bird is duller and brownish with less spangling.[3]
The nominate race is found in India and extending until the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. Specimens from southern India are however very similar in morphometrics to those from malayensis of Burma and the size variation may be clinal. The subspecies from China kwangsiensis is treated as synonymous with aeneus. Subspecies malayensis is found from Selangor south into, Sumatra and Borneo. Taiwan is home to braunianus in the mountains of the interior.[2][4][5]
Distribution
The bronzed drongo is found in the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats of India and the lower Himalayas from western Uttaranchal eastwards into Indochina and Hainan, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and northern Borneo. This species is usually found in moist broadleaved forest.[2][6] This species is exclusively found in forested areas.[7]
Behaviour and ecology
They are found singly or in a group of two to three. They actively forage for insects under the forest canopy by making aerial sallies, often returning to their favourite perches.[3] They sometimes join mixed-species foraging flocks.[8] They are very good in mimicking calls of many other bird species which is a trait shared with many Drongo species.[9] The breeding season is February to July. Three or four pinkish to brownish eggs are laid in a cup nest in a tree. The eggs are darker on the broad end and often have cloudy spots. The nest is covered in cobwebs and often appears whitish.[6] These are aggressive and fearless birds, 24 cm in length, and will attack much larger species if their nest or young are threatened.[10]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Dicrurus aeneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22706973A94100586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22706973A94100586.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Vaurie, Charles (1949). "A revision of the bird family Dicruridae". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 93 (4): 203–342. hdl:2246/1240.
Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 591.
Baker, EC Stuart (1918). "Some notes on the Dicruridae". Novitates Zoologicae. 25: 291–304. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.29766.
Mayr, E; J C Greenway Jr., eds. (1962). Check-List of Birds of the World. Volume 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 146–147.
Ali S & SD Ripley (1986). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 126–128.
Author=Salim Ali| Year:1996| Title: Book of Indian Birds|
Croxall, JP (1976). "The composition and behaviour of some mixed-species bird flocks in Sarawak". Ibis. 118 (3): 333–346. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1976.tb02024.x.
Author= Salim Ali title= Book of Indian Birds| Year: 1996|
Hume, AO (1889). The nests and eggs of Indian birds. Volume 1. R H Porter, London. pp. 210–213.
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