Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Furnariida
Superfamilia: Furnarioidea
Familia: Furnariidae
Subfamilia: Dendrocolaptinae
Genus: Deconychura
Species: Deconychura longicauda
Name
Deconychura longicauda (Pelzeln, 1868)
Type locality: Borba, Marabitanas, Barra do Rio Negro = Manaus, Brazil
Synonyms
Dendrocincla longicauda (protonym)
References
Pelzeln, A. von 1868 (7) – 1870. Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens: Resultate von Johann Natterer Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835. 462 pp. + 59 tt. + 18 index + map. A. Pichler's Witwe & Sohn,1871. Wien. Abth.I, II: 1868; Abth. III, IV: 1870 Abth.1 p. 42 BHL Reference page. p. 60
Vernacular names
English: Long-tailed woodcreeper
español: Trepatroncos colilargo
português: Arapaçu-rabudo
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper (Deconychura longicauda) is a species of bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper was formerly considered to be part of the former long-tailed woodcreeper (the original Deconychura longicauda) with what are now the little long-tailed woodcreeper (D. typica) and the southern long-tailed woodcreeper (D. pallida). BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) has treated them separately since the 2010s, and the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) followed suit in July 2023.[2][3] However, the North American and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy treat the long-tailed woodcreeper as one species. The AOS notes that it probably consists of at least two and possibly three species.[4][5][6]
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper is monotypic.[2]
Description
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper is a medium-sized member of its subfamily, with a slim body, long wings and tail, and a slim medium-length straight bill. It is 16 to 21 cm (6.3 to 8.3 in) long and weighs about 22 to 36 g (0.78 to 1.3 oz). Males are longer and heavier than females, and both length and weight vary among the subspecies. The plumages of males and females are alike. Adults are mostly olive-brown with a darker crown and nape that have fine buff streaks. Their lores and supercilium are whitish to rich buffy. Their wings, uppertail coverts, and tail are rufous-chestnut; their primaries have dusky tips. Their throat varies from whitish buff to ochraceous, their breast is olive-brown with buff streaks, their belly and flanks are plain olive-brown, and their undertail coverts are rufous. Their underwing coverts and the underside of the flight feathers are cinnamon rufous. Their iris is brown, their bill has a brownish maxilla and bluish mandible, and their legs and feet are brown. Juveniles are very similar to adults, with a slightly darker head and fewer pale streaks on the breast.[7]
Distribution
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper is found in the Guianas and in northern Brazil north of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Negro. It inhabits a variety of forested landscapes where it favors the interior of humid primary forest. It does occur at the forest edges and in mature secondary forest. It is mostly found in terra firme and várzea forest up to about 500 m (1,600 ft).[7][8]
Behavior
Movement
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.[7]
Feeding
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper mostly forages from the understory to the canopy, about 3 to 20 m (10 to 66 ft) above the ground. It forages singly, in pairs, and in mixed-species feeding flocks; the composition of the last varies. It hitches up trunks and vines, mostly picking or gleaning its prey but sometimes making short sallies to capture it in the air. Its diet is not known in detail but is mostly arthropods, and it seems to favor adults rather than including significant numbers of larvae.[7]
Breeding
Almost nothing is known about the northern long-tailed woodcreeper's breeding biology. The scant evidence indicates that its breeding season varies geographically.[7]
Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.
Songs and calls
Listen to long-tailed woodcreeper on xeno-canto
Vocalization
The northern long-tailed woodcreeper's song is "a high, distinctly descending, clear, rather plaintive 'pee-pue-tue-tuh---' ".[8] The species can sing at any time of day, though it is most heard in early morning and late afternoon. It does not sing continuously. Playback of the local song elicits a strong response, so the song "likely has a territorial function".[7]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the northern long-tailed woodcreeper as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. Habitat modification and fragmentation for agriculture and ranching is cited as a threat.[1] It is considered fairly common to common in much of its range but rare in Suriname. It occurs in several protected areas. "It appears to be highly sensitive to habitat modification and requires nearly continuous forest to persist."[7]
References
BirdLife International (2020). "Northern Long-tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T103661261A168534058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T103661261A168534058.en. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., and K. Winker. 2023. Check-list of North American Birds (online). American Ornithological Society. https://checklist.americanornithology.org/taxa/
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
Greeney, H.F.; Marantz, C.A.; Kirwan, G.M.; Boesman, P.F.D.; del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N.; Aleixo, A.; Bevier, L.R.; Patten, M.A. (2023). Sly, N.D.; Keeney, B.K. (eds.). "Long-tailed Woodcreeper (Deconychura longicauda), version 2.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.lotwoo1.02. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
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