Chroicocephalus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Lari

Familia: Laridae
Subfamilia: Larinae
Genus: Chroicocephalus
Species: C. brunnicephalus – C. bulleri – C. cirrocephalus – C. genei – C. hartlaubii – C. maculipennis – C. novaehollandiae – C. philadelphia – C. ridibundus – C. serranus

Species transferred to other genus:

Saundersilarus: C. saundersi

Name

Chroicocephalus Eyton, 1836

Typus: Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766 = Chroicocephalus ridibundus

Synonyms

Gelastes Bruch, 1853 J.Orn. 1 p. 102 BHL
Bruchigavia Bonaparte, 1856 Cons.Gen.Avium 2 p. 228 BHL

References
Primary references

Eyton, T.C. 1836. A History of the rarer British Birds. i–vi, 1–101 BHL. A catalogue of British Birds with Synonyms i–vi, 1–67 BHL London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.33377 Reference page. p. 58 BHL

Additional references

Černý, D. & Natale, R. 2022. Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 177: 107620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107620 Paywall PDF Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Hooded gulls
فارسی: کاکایی‌های رنگین‌سر
한국어: 갈매기속
latviešu: Ķīri
norsk: Hettemåser

Chroicocephalus is a genus of medium to relatively small gulls which were included in the genus Larus until recently.[2] Some authorities also include the Saunders's gull in Chroicocephalus. The genus name Chroicocephalus is from Ancient Greek khroizo, "to colour", and kephale, "head".[3]

Representatives of this genus are found in regions/subregions all over the world, each species usually being confined to a region.
Species

Image	Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution
	Silver gull	Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae	Australia, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Tasmania, New Zealand
	Black-billed gull	Chroicocephalus bulleri	New Zealand
	Hartlaub's gull	Chroicocephalus hartlaubii	coastline of South Africa and Namibia.
	Saunders's gull	Chroicocephalus saundersi	China, Hong Kong, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macau, Russia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
	Brown-hooded gull	Chroicocephalus maculipennis	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Falkland Islands, and Uruguay
	Grey-headed gull	Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus	South America and Africa south of the Sahara.
	Andean gull	Chroicocephalus serranus	Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
	Brown-headed gull	Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus	Tajikistan to Ordos in Inner Mongolia.
	Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada.
	Slender-billed gull	Chroicocephalus genei	the Mediterranean and the north of the western Indian Ocean
	Bonaparte's gull	Chroicocephalus philadelphia	northern North America

Fossils

Huahine gull †Chroicocephalus utunui -French Polynesia.

References

"Laridae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
Pons J.M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 37 (3): 686–699. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.