Chloris spinoides

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Fringillidae
Subfamilia: Carduelinae
Genus: Chloris
Species: Chloris spinoides
Subspecies: C. s. heinrichi – C. s. spinoides
Name

Chloris spinoides Vigors, 1831
Synonymy

Carduelis spinoides (protonym)

References

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 44.
Nguembock, B., Fjeldså, J., Couloux, A., & Pasquet, E. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Carduelinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae) proves polyphyletic origin of the genera Serinus and Carduelis and suggests redefined generic limits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51(2): 169–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.022 Abstract & first page. Reference page.
Zuccon, D., Prŷs-Jones, R., Rasmussen, P.C., & Ericson, P.G.P. 2012. The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (2): 581–596. Full text (PDF). DOI: .1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 Reference page.

Vernacular names
català: Verdum de l'Himàlaia
čeština: Zvonek žlutoprsý
Cymraeg: Llinos werdd benddu
dansk: Himalayagrønirisk
Deutsch: Himalayagrünfink
English: Yellow-breasted Greenfinch
Esperanto: Flavbrusta fringo
español: Verderón del Himalaya
eesti: Mägi-rohevint
suomi: Aasianvihervarpunen
français: Verdier de l'Himalaya
italiano: Verdone pettogiallo
日本語: キバラカワラヒワ
မြန်မာဘာသာ: တောင်ပေါ်စာဗိုက်ဝါ
नेपाली: गाजले पीतचरी
Nederlands: Himalajagroenling
norsk: Himalayafink
português: Verdilhão-de-peito-amarelo
русский: Гималайская зеленушка
svenska: Himalayagrönfink
Tiếng Việt: Sẻ thông ngực vàng
中文: 高山金翅雀

The yellow-breasted greenfinch (Chloris spinoides) is a small passerine bird in the family Fringillidae that is native to the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Taxonomy

The yellow-breasted greenfinch was described by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1831 under the binomial name Carduelis spinides.[2][3] Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the greenfinches are not closely related to the species in the genus Carduelis. They have therefore been moved to the resurrected genus Chloris which had been introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800.[4][5][6] The word Chloris is from the Ancient Greek word khlōris for the European greenfinch; the specific epithet is from spinus in Fringilla spinus Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian siskin, and the Ancient Greek suffix -oidēs meaning "resembling".[7]

Two subspecies are recognised:[5]

Himalayan yellow-breasted greenfinch (C. s. spinoides) (Vigors, 1831) – Pakistan, the Himalayas, northeastern India and southern Tibet
Indian yellow-breasted greenfinch (C. s. heinrichi) (Stresemann, 1940) – northeastern India and western Myanmar

Description

The yellow-breasted greenfinch is 12–14 cm (4.7–5.5 in) in length and weighs between 15 and 21 g (0.53 and 0.74 oz). It has a brown conical bill and bright yellow wing bars. The underparts are bright yellow. The sexes have similar plumage but the female is less brightly coloured.[8]
Distribution and habitat

The species occurs primarily in the mid-altitudes of the Himalayas, and in parts of Southeast Asia. It ranges across Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland.[1]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Chloris spinoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22720344A94665324. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720344A94665324.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1831). "Carduelis spinoïdes". Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. Part 1: 44.
Paynter, Raymond A. Jnr., ed. (1968). Check-list of birds of the world, Volume 14. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 237.
Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Cuvier, Georges (1800). Leçons d'anatomie comparée. Vol. 1. Paris: Baudouin. Table 2. The year on the title page is An VIII.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 102, 362. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Clement, P. (2017). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Yellow-breasted Greenfinch (Chloris spinoides)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.yebgre4.01. S2CID 216453166. Retrieved 23 October 2017.